Sandbox:Vindhya

Disease	Causes	Symptoms	Diagnosis and treatment
SIADH	SIADH is a syndrome characterized by excessive release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH or vasopressin) from the posterior pituitary gland or another source. The result is hyponatremia, and sometimes fluid overload.		Hyponatremia <135 mmol/l Decreased effective serum osmolality<275mosm Urine sodium concentration>40mmol/litre Plasma uric acid <200;FeUrate>12% Absence of edematous disease like cardiac failure, liver cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome. normal adrenal and thyroid function
Cerebral salt wasting	Cerebral salt wasting is defined as the renal loss of sodium during intracranial disease leading to hyponatremia and a decrease in extracellular fluid volume.		The patient is hypovolemic and hyponatremic. Treatment is with adequate hydration and sodium replacement.
Adrenal insufficiency	Adrenal insufficiency ranges from mild nonspecific symptoms to life-threatening shock condition. An important distinction in these patients is the presence of mineralocorticoid deficiency. Those with secondary or tertiary adrenal insufficiency will typically have preserved mineralocorticoid function due to the separate feedback systems. Adrenal insufficency can be primary, secondary or tertiary. Common causes of primary adrenal insufficiency: Autoimmune Iatrogenic Drugs Others- adrenal hemorrhage, cancer, infection. congenital. Secondary adrenal insufficiency refers to decreased adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation of the adrenal cortex and therefore does not affect aldosterone levels. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and panhypopituitarism are common causes. Tertiary adrenal insufficiency refers to decreased hypothalamic stimulation of the pituitary to secrete ACTH. Exogenous steroid administration is the most common cause of tertiary adrenal insufficiency.
Hypopituitarism:	Hypopituitarism is defined as the partial or complete loss of anterior pituitary function that can result from acquired or congenital causes. Etiology is as follows: Pituitary tumors Sellar tumors Head trauma Infection empty sella infiltration Idiopathic congenital
Hypothyroidism	Hypofunctioning of the thyroid gland due to multifactorial etiology ranging from congenital to autoimmune causes described below: Congenital Autoimmune Drugs Post surgery post radiation Infiltrative e.g., amyloid
Psychogenic polydipsia	Also called as primary polydipsia is charactreized by polyuria and polydipsia. Causes could be: Defect in the hypothalamus Adverse effect of a medication Traumatic brain injury Psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia