Kidney stone causes: Difference between revisions
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*[[Hypercalciuria]] | *[[Hypercalciuria]] | ||
*[[Hyperoxaluria]] | *[[Hyperoxaluria]] | ||
*[[Hyperparathyroidism]] | |||
*[[Hyperuricemia ]] | *[[Hyperuricemia ]] | ||
*[[Hyperuricosuria]] | *[[Hyperuricosuria]] | ||
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*[[Paget's Disease]] | *[[Paget's Disease]] | ||
*Presence of nidus for crystal precipitation | *Presence of nidus for crystal precipitation | ||
*Primary Hypokalaemic [[distal renal tubular acidosis]] | *Primary Hypokalaemic [[distal renal tubular acidosis]] | ||
*Primary type 1 [[Hyperoxaluria]] | *Primary type 1 [[Hyperoxaluria]] | ||
Revision as of 20:09, 26 August 2017
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Kidney stone Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Kidney stone causes On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Kidney stone causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Kidney stones can be due to underlying metabolic conditions, such as renal tubular acidosis, Dent's disease and medullary sponge kidney. Many health facilities will screen for such disorders in patients with recurrent kidney stones. This is typically done with a 24 hour urine collection that is chemically analyzed for deficiencies and excesses that promote stone formation.
Causes
Common Causes
- Hypercalcemia
- Hypercalciuria
- Infection with urea splitting microorganisms like Proteus and Pseudomonas
- Dehydration
- Inflammatory bowel disease
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | Cobicistat, Febuxostat, Indinavir, Ixabepilone, Oxcarbazepine, Pramipexole, Sulfasalazine, Tocilizumab, Topiramate, Zonisamide |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | hyperparathyroidism, Diabetes mellitus |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | Short bowel syndrome, Inflammatory bowel disease, Increased intestinal absorption of oxalates, Chronic Malabsorption syndrome |
| Genetic | X-linked recessive nephrolithiasis type 1, X-linked hypophosphataemia, Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency |
| Hematologic | Leukemia |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | Urinary tract infection, Pseudomonas, Proteus, Klebsiella, Infection with urea splitting microorganisms, Berylliosis |
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | Paget's Disease |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional/Metabolic | Xanthinuria type 2, Xanthinuria type 1, Primary type 1 Hyperoxaluria, Lower Dietarypotassium, Lower Dietary phytate, Lower dietary calcium, Hypervitaminosis D, Higher Dietary vitamin C, Higher Dietary sucrose, Higher Dietary sodium, Higher Dietary oxalate, Higher Dietary fructose, Higher Dietary animal protein, Excessive Vitamin C intake |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | Tumor hypercalcemia, Bone metastasis, Leukemia |
| Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose/Toxicity | Alcohol abuse |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal/Electrolyte | Urine PH less than 5.5, Type I (distal) renal tubular acidosis, Primary Hypokalaemic distal renal tubular acidosis , Medullary sponge kidney, Lower Urinary volume, Lower Urinary citrate, Hypophosphaturia, Hypocitraturia, Hyperuricosuria, Hyperuricemia , Hyperoxaluria, Hypercalciuria, Hypercalcemia, Horseshoe kidney, Higher Urinary pH (CaP stones), Higher Urinary oxalate (CaOx stones), Higher Urinary calcium, Distal (type 1) renal tubular acidosis, Cysteinuria, Chronic metabolic acidosis, Hyperoxaluria |
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | Sarcoidosis, Gout |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | Urinary stasis, Urinary obstruction |
| Miscellaneous | Supersaturatin of stone forming compunds in urine, Presence of nidus for crystal precipitation, Obesity, Milk-alkali syndrome, Lower fluid intake, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, Idiopathic, Dent's disease, Dehydration |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
Causes based on type of Stones
Calcium Stones
- Bone metastasis
- Cushing's syndrome
- Distal renal tubular acidosis
- Excessive Vitamin C intake
- Hypercalcemia
- Hyperthyroidism
- Hyperoxaluria
- Hyperuricosuria
- Hypophosphaturia
- Idiopathic hypercalciuria
- Increased intestinal absorption of oxalates
- Leukemia
- Milk-alkali syndrome
- Osteoporosis
- Paget's Disease
- Sarcoidosis
- Tumor hypercalcemias
- Hypervitaminosis D
Infectious Stones
Uric Acid Stones
- Alcohol abuse
- Dehydration
- Drugs
- Gout
- Purine metabolism
- Tumor
- Idiopathic