Hypoaldosteronism echocardiography or ultrasound: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The best initial test to [[Diagnosis|diagnose]] hypoaldosteronism include measuring [[plasma renin activity]] and [[aldosterone]] levels. However, [[ultrasound]] | The best initial test to [[Diagnosis|diagnose]] hypoaldosteronism include measuring [[plasma renin activity]] and [[aldosterone]] levels. However, [[ultrasound]] may be helpful in the [[diagnosis]] of hypoaldosteronism from [[disorders]] of [[renal]] or [[adrenal glands]]. [[Chronic kidney disease]] is an important [[Causes|cause]] of hypoaldosteronism and on [[ultrasound]] presents with reduced [[renal]] length, reduced [[Renal cortex|renal cortical]] thickness, poor visibility of the [[renal pyramids]] and the [[renal sinus]]. Hypoaldosteronism from [[adrenal insufficiency]] may present with irregularly shrunken [[adrenal glands]], adrenal [[nodules]], and [[signs]] of [[calcium]] deposits. | ||
==Ultrasound== | ==Ultrasound== | ||
The best initial test to diagnose hypoaldosteronism include measuring plasma renin activity and aldosterone levels. However, ultrasound | The best initial test to [[diagnose]] hypoaldosteronism include measuring [[plasma renin activity]] and [[aldosterone]] levels. However, [[ultrasound]] may be helpful in the [[diagnosis]] of hypoaldosteronism from [[disorders]] of [[renal]] or [[adrenal glands]].<ref name="pmid25680325">{{cite journal |vauthors=Degrassi F, Quaia E, Martingano P, Cavallaro M, Cova MA |title=Imaging of haemodialysis: renal and extrarenal findings |journal=Insights Imaging |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=309–21 |year=2015 |pmid=25680325 |pmc=4444797 |doi=10.1007/s13244-015-0383-3 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15037495">{{cite journal |vauthors=Keith DS, Nichols GA, Gullion CM, Brown JB, Smith DH |title=Longitudinal follow-up and outcomes among a population with chronic kidney disease in a large managed care organization |journal=Arch. Intern. Med. |volume=164 |issue=6 |pages=659–63 |year=2004 |pmid=15037495 |doi=10.1001/archinte.164.6.659 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Hypoaldosteronism from chronic kidney disease may show the following features on ultrasound: | *Hypoaldosteronism from [[chronic kidney disease]] may show the following [[Features (pattern recognition)|features]] on [[ultrasound]]: | ||
**Reduced renal length | **Reduced [[renal]] length | ||
**Reduced renal cortical thickness | **Reduced [[Renal cortex|renal cortical]] thickness | ||
**Increased renal cortical echogenicity | **Increased [[Renal cortex|renal cortical]] [[echogenicity]] | ||
**Poor visibility of the renal pyramids and the renal sinus | **Poor visibility of the [[renal pyramids]] and the [[renal sinus]] | ||
**Renal marginal irregularities | **[[Renal]] marginal irregularities | ||
**Renal papillary calcifications | **[[Renal papillary necrosis|Renal papillary calcifications]] | ||
**Renal cysts | **[[Renal cysts]] | ||
*Hypoaldosteronism due to adrenal disorders may present with following findings on ultrasound: | *Hypoaldosteronism due to [[Adrenal Gland|adrenal]] disorders may present with following findings on [[ultrasound]]: | ||
**Irregularly shrunken adrenal glands | **Irregularly shrunken [[adrenal glands]] | ||
**Adrenal nodules | **[[Adrenal Gland|Adrenal]] nodules | ||
**Signs of calcium deposits | **Signs of [[calcium]] deposits | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 15:47, 31 August 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
The best initial test to diagnose hypoaldosteronism include measuring plasma renin activity and aldosterone levels. However, ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of hypoaldosteronism from disorders of renal or adrenal glands. Chronic kidney disease is an important cause of hypoaldosteronism and on ultrasound presents with reduced renal length, reduced renal cortical thickness, poor visibility of the renal pyramids and the renal sinus. Hypoaldosteronism from adrenal insufficiency may present with irregularly shrunken adrenal glands, adrenal nodules, and signs of calcium deposits.
Ultrasound
The best initial test to diagnose hypoaldosteronism include measuring plasma renin activity and aldosterone levels. However, ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of hypoaldosteronism from disorders of renal or adrenal glands.[1][2]
- Hypoaldosteronism from chronic kidney disease may show the following features on ultrasound:
- Reduced renal length
- Reduced renal cortical thickness
- Increased renal cortical echogenicity
- Poor visibility of the renal pyramids and the renal sinus
- Renal marginal irregularities
- Renal papillary calcifications
- Renal cysts
- Hypoaldosteronism due to adrenal disorders may present with following findings on ultrasound:
- Irregularly shrunken adrenal glands
- Adrenal nodules
- Signs of calcium deposits
References
- ↑ Degrassi F, Quaia E, Martingano P, Cavallaro M, Cova MA (2015). "Imaging of haemodialysis: renal and extrarenal findings". Insights Imaging. 6 (3): 309–21. doi:10.1007/s13244-015-0383-3. PMC 4444797. PMID 25680325.
- ↑ Keith DS, Nichols GA, Gullion CM, Brown JB, Smith DH (2004). "Longitudinal follow-up and outcomes among a population with chronic kidney disease in a large managed care organization". Arch. Intern. Med. 164 (6): 659–63. doi:10.1001/archinte.164.6.659. PMID 15037495.