Hypoaldosteronism epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
===Incidence=== | ===Incidence=== | ||
*The [[incidence]] of hypoaldosteronism in hospitalized [[patient]] is approximately 3000 per 100,000 individuals.<ref name="pmid22891694">{{cite journal |vauthors=Haas CS, Pohlenz I, Lindner U, Muck PM, Arand J, Suefke S, Lehnert H |title=Renal tubular acidosis type IV in hyperkalaemic patients--a fairy tale or reality? |journal=Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf) |volume=78 |issue=5 |pages=706–11 |year=2013 |pmid=22891694 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2265.2012.04446.x |url=}}</ref> | *The [[incidence]] of hypoaldosteronism in hospitalized [[patient]] is approximately 3000 per 100,000 individuals.<ref name="pmid22891694">{{cite journal |vauthors=Haas CS, Pohlenz I, Lindner U, Muck PM, Arand J, Suefke S, Lehnert H |title=Renal tubular acidosis type IV in hyperkalaemic patients--a fairy tale or reality? |journal=Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf) |volume=78 |issue=5 |pages=706–11 |year=2013 |pmid=22891694 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2265.2012.04446.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19937982">{{cite journal |vauthors=Raebel MA, Ross C, Cheetham C, Petersen H, Saylor G, Smith DH, Wright LA, Roblin DW, Xu S |title=Increasingly restrictive definitions of hyperkalemia outcomes in a database study: effect on incidence estimates |journal=Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=19–25 |year=2010 |pmid=19937982 |doi=10.1002/pds.1882 |url=}}</ref> | ||
===Prevalence=== | ===Prevalence=== | ||
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===Age=== | ===Age=== | ||
*Hypoaldosteronism is most commonly seen in middle-aged and older individuals. | *Hypoaldosteronism is most commonly seen in middle-aged and older individuals.<ref name="pmid2220773">{{cite journal |vauthors=Michelis MF |title=Hyperkalemia in the elderly |journal=Am. J. Kidney Dis. |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=296–9 |year=1990 |pmid=2220773 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Elderly patients on multiple [[drug]] therapy ([[polypharmacy]]) have an increased [[incidence]] of drug induced hypoaldosteronism. | *Elderly patients on multiple [[drug]] therapy ([[polypharmacy]]) have an increased [[incidence]] of drug induced hypoaldosteronism. | ||
*In younger patients, hypoaldosteronism is seen in [[patients]] with underlying [[Diabetes mellitus type 1|diabetes mellitus type I]] or [[sickle cell disease]]. | *In younger patients, hypoaldosteronism is seen in [[patients]] with underlying [[Diabetes mellitus type 1|diabetes mellitus type I]] or [[sickle cell disease]]. | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Akshun Kalia M.B.B.S.[2]
Overview
In hospitalized patients the incidence rate of hypoaldosteronism is 3000 per 100,000 individuals. The prevalence rate of hypoaldosteronism in United states is estimated to be 200,000 cases. Hypoaldosteronism is most commonly seen in middle-aged and older individuals. Both men and women are affected equally. Hypoaldosteronism is more prevalent in African-American, Native Americans, and Hispanics.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- The incidence of hypoaldosteronism in hospitalized patient is approximately 3000 per 100,000 individuals.[1][2]
Prevalence
- The prevalence of hypoaldosteronism is approximately 667 per 100,000 individuals.
- The prevalence of hypoaldosteronism is estimated to be 200,000 cases in the United States.
Age
- Hypoaldosteronism is most commonly seen in middle-aged and older individuals.[3]
- Elderly patients on multiple drug therapy (polypharmacy) have an increased incidence of drug induced hypoaldosteronism.
- In younger patients, hypoaldosteronism is seen in patients with underlying diabetes mellitus type I or sickle cell disease.
Race
- Hypoaldosteronism is more prevalent in African-American, Native Americans, and Hispanics.
Gender
- Hypoaldosteronism affects both men and women equally.
References
- ↑ Haas CS, Pohlenz I, Lindner U, Muck PM, Arand J, Suefke S, Lehnert H (2013). "Renal tubular acidosis type IV in hyperkalaemic patients--a fairy tale or reality?". Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf). 78 (5): 706–11. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2012.04446.x. PMID 22891694.
- ↑ Raebel MA, Ross C, Cheetham C, Petersen H, Saylor G, Smith DH, Wright LA, Roblin DW, Xu S (2010). "Increasingly restrictive definitions of hyperkalemia outcomes in a database study: effect on incidence estimates". Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 19 (1): 19–25. doi:10.1002/pds.1882. PMID 19937982.
- ↑ Michelis MF (1990). "Hyperkalemia in the elderly". Am. J. Kidney Dis. 16 (4): 296–9. PMID 2220773.