Fournier gangrene risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
==Risk Factors== | |||
Common risk factors in the development of Fournier gangrene are:<ref name="pmid2294630">{{cite journal| author=Clayton MD, Fowler JE, Sharifi R, Pearl RK| title=Causes, presentation and survival of fifty-seven patients with necrotizing fasciitis of the male genitalia. | journal=Surg Gynecol Obstet | year= 1990 | volume= 170 | issue= 1 | pages= 49-55 | pmid=2294630 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2294630 }} </ref><ref name="pmid12516849">{{cite journal| author=Morpurgo E, Galandiuk S| title=Fournier's gangrene. | journal=Surg Clin North Am | year= 2002 | volume= 82 | issue= 6 | pages= 1213-24 | pmid=12516849 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12516849 }} </ref><ref name="pmid10584624">{{cite journal| author=Vick R, Carson CC| title=Fournier's disease. | journal=Urol Clin North Am | year= 1999 | volume= 26 | issue= 4 | pages= 841-9 | pmid=10584624 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10584624 }} </ref> | |||
*Comorbid systemic disorders | |||
:*Age >50 yrs | |||
:*Male Gender | |||
:*[[Diabetes mellitus]] | |||
:*Alcohol misuse | |||
:*[[Immunosupression]] | |||
:*[[Chemotherapy]] | |||
:*Chronic [[corticosteroid]] use | |||
:*[[HIV]] | |||
:*[[Leukemia]] | |||
:*[[Liver disease]] | |||
:*Debilitating illness | |||
:*[[Malignancy]] | |||
:*[[Cytotoxic drugs]] | |||
The most common foci of Fournier gangrene include:<ref name="pmid10848848">{{cite journal| author=Eke N| title=Fournier's gangrene: a review of 1726 cases. | journal=Br J Surg | year= 2000 | volume= 87 | issue= 6 | pages= 718-28 | pmid=10848848 | doi=10.1046/j.1365-2168.2000.01497.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10848848 }} </ref><ref name="pmid7950832">{{cite journal| author=Amendola MA, Casillas J, Joseph R, Antun R, Galindez O| title=Fournier's gangrene: CT findings. | journal=Abdom Imaging | year= 1994 | volume= 19 | issue= 5 | pages= 471-4 | pmid=7950832 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7950832 }} </ref> | |||
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align=center | |||
|+ | |||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 400px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Anorectal}} | |||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 400px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Genitourinary}} | |||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 400px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Dermatology}} | |||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 400px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Gynaecological}} | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | |||
*Trauma<br> | |||
*[[Enemas|Steroid enemas]] for [[colitis|radiation proctitis]]<br> | |||
*[[Hemorrhoidectomy]]<br> | |||
*[[Anal fissure|Anal fissures excision]]<br> | |||
*[[Diverticulitis]]<br> | |||
*[[Colon|Colonic perforations]]<br> | |||
*[[Ischiorectal fossa|Ischiorectal]], [[perirectal]], or [[perianal abscesses]]<br> | |||
*[[Appendicitis]]<br> | |||
*[[Enemas|Steroid enemas]] for [[Colitis|radiation proctitis]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | |||
*Trauma<br> | |||
*[[Cancer]] invasion to external genitalia<br> | |||
*[[Hemipelvectomy]]<br> | |||
*[[Epididymitis]] or [[orchitis]]<br> | |||
*[[Penile implant|Penile artificial implant]] or a foreign body<br> | |||
*[[Hydrocele]] aspiration<br> | |||
*Genital piercing<br> | |||
*[[Cavernous sinus|Intracavernosal]] cocaine<br> | |||
*[[Urethral catheterization]] or instrumentation<br> | |||
*[[Penile prosthesis|Penile implants]] insertion<br>[[Biopsy|Prostatic biopsy]]<br> | |||
*[[Vasectomy]]<br> | |||
*Urethral strictures with urinary extravasation | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | |||
*Blunt [[perineal]] trauma<br> | |||
*[[Intramuscular injection|Intramuscular injections]]<br> | |||
*Genital piercings<br> | |||
*[[Furuncle|Scrotal furuncle]]<br> | |||
*Perineal or pelvic surgery/inguinal [[herniorrhaphy]]<br> | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | |||
*[[Episiotomy]] wound<br> | |||
*Infected [[bartholin's gland]]<br> | |||
*[[Abortion|Septic abortion]]<br> | |||
*Genital mutilation<br> | |||
*Coital injury | |||
|} | |||
'''Neonates and Children''' | |||
*Trauma<ref name="pmid7950832">{{cite journal| author=Amendola MA, Casillas J, Joseph R, Antun R, Galindez O| title=Fournier's gangrene: CT findings. | journal=Abdom Imaging | year= 1994 | volume= 19 | issue= 5 | pages= 471-4 | pmid=7950832 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7950832 }} </ref> | |||
*Burns | |||
*Insect bites | |||
*Circumcision | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} |
Revision as of 19:55, 6 September 2017
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Steven C. Campbell, M.D., Ph.D.; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yamuna Kondapally, M.B.B.S[1]; Jesus Rosario Hernandez, M.D. [2]
Overview
Risk Factors
Common risk factors in the development of Fournier gangrene are:[1][2][3]
- Comorbid systemic disorders
- Age >50 yrs
- Male Gender
- Diabetes mellitus
- Alcohol misuse
- Immunosupression
- Chemotherapy
- Chronic corticosteroid use
- HIV
- Leukemia
- Liver disease
- Debilitating illness
- Malignancy
- Cytotoxic drugs
The most common foci of Fournier gangrene include:[4][5]
Anorectal | Genitourinary | Dermatology | Gynaecological |
---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
Neonates and Children
- Trauma[5]
- Burns
- Insect bites
- Circumcision
References
- ↑ Clayton MD, Fowler JE, Sharifi R, Pearl RK (1990). "Causes, presentation and survival of fifty-seven patients with necrotizing fasciitis of the male genitalia". Surg Gynecol Obstet. 170 (1): 49–55. PMID 2294630.
- ↑ Morpurgo E, Galandiuk S (2002). "Fournier's gangrene". Surg Clin North Am. 82 (6): 1213–24. PMID 12516849.
- ↑ Vick R, Carson CC (1999). "Fournier's disease". Urol Clin North Am. 26 (4): 841–9. PMID 10584624.
- ↑ Eke N (2000). "Fournier's gangrene: a review of 1726 cases". Br J Surg. 87 (6): 718–28. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2168.2000.01497.x. PMID 10848848.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Amendola MA, Casillas J, Joseph R, Antun R, Galindez O (1994). "Fournier's gangrene: CT findings". Abdom Imaging. 19 (5): 471–4. PMID 7950832.