Cretinism causes: Difference between revisions
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Primary Cretinism may be caused by:<ref name="pmid20083154">{{cite journal| author=Persani L, Calebiro D, Cordella D, Weber G, Gelmini G, Libri D et al.| title=Genetics and phenomics of hypothyroidism due to TSH resistance. | journal=Mol Cell Endocrinol | year= 2010 | volume= 322 | issue= 1-2 | pages= 72-82 | pmid=20083154 | doi=10.1016/j.mce.2010.01.008 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20083154 }}</ref><ref name="pmid28534114">{{cite journal| author=Wassner AJ| title=Pediatric Hypothyroidism: Diagnosis and Treatment. | journal=Paediatr Drugs | year= 2017 | volume= 19 | issue= 4 | pages= 291-301 | pmid=28534114 | doi=10.1007/s40272-017-0238-0 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28534114 }}</ref> | Primary Cretinism may be caused by:<ref name="pmid20083154">{{cite journal| author=Persani L, Calebiro D, Cordella D, Weber G, Gelmini G, Libri D et al.| title=Genetics and phenomics of hypothyroidism due to TSH resistance. | journal=Mol Cell Endocrinol | year= 2010 | volume= 322 | issue= 1-2 | pages= 72-82 | pmid=20083154 | doi=10.1016/j.mce.2010.01.008 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20083154 }}</ref><ref name="pmid28534114">{{cite journal| author=Wassner AJ| title=Pediatric Hypothyroidism: Diagnosis and Treatment. | journal=Paediatr Drugs | year= 2017 | volume= 19 | issue= 4 | pages= 291-301 | pmid=28534114 | doi=10.1007/s40272-017-0238-0 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28534114 }}</ref> | ||
* Congenital causes: | * Congenital causes: | ||
**Thyroid dysgenesis | **[[Thyroid dysgenesis]] | ||
**Thyroid dyshormonogenesis | **Thyroid dyshormonogenesis | ||
**Ectopic thyroid | **[[Ectopic]] [[thyroid gland]] | ||
*Acquired causes: | *Acquired causes: | ||
**Autoimmune diseases | **[[Autoimmune diseases]] | ||
**Antibodies pass placenta cause hypothyroidism | **[[Antibodies]] pass [[placenta]] cause hypothyroidism | ||
**Antithyroid medications usage that can cross the placenta | **[[Antithyroid agents|Antithyroid medications]] usage that can cross the placenta | ||
**Iodine deficiency | **[[Iodine deficiency]] | ||
**Inability to uptake iodide | **Inability to uptake [[iodide]] | ||
=== Secondary (central) hypothyroidism === | === Secondary (central) hypothyroidism === | ||
Central hypothyroidism is caused by:<ref name="pmid14671180">{{cite journal| author=Kempers MJ, van Tijn DA, van Trotsenburg AS, de Vijlder JJ, Wiedijk BM, Vulsma T| title=Central congenital hypothyroidism due to gestational hyperthyroidism: detection where prevention failed. | journal=J Clin Endocrinol Metab | year= 2003 | volume= 88 | issue= 12 | pages= 5851-7 | pmid=14671180 | doi=10.1210/jc.2003-030665 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14671180 }}</ref> | Central hypothyroidism is caused by:<ref name="pmid14671180">{{cite journal| author=Kempers MJ, van Tijn DA, van Trotsenburg AS, de Vijlder JJ, Wiedijk BM, Vulsma T| title=Central congenital hypothyroidism due to gestational hyperthyroidism: detection where prevention failed. | journal=J Clin Endocrinol Metab | year= 2003 | volume= 88 | issue= 12 | pages= 5851-7 | pmid=14671180 | doi=10.1210/jc.2003-030665 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14671180 }}</ref> | ||
* Inflammation or infection of pituitary gland and hypothalamus | * [[Inflammation]] or [[infection]] of [[pituitary gland]] and [[hypothalamus]] | ||
* Trauma | * [[Trauma]] | ||
* Structural changes | * Structural changes | ||
* Untreated maternal | * Untreated maternal [[hypothyroidism]] during pregnancy | ||
===Genetic Causes=== | ===Genetic Causes=== | ||
*Cretinism is caused by a mutation in the TTF-2 gene. | *Cretinism is caused by a mutation in the TTF-2 gene. | ||
*Cretinism is caused by a mutation in the genes responsible for the thyroid hormone secretion. These genes include the following:<ref name="pmid21900383">{{cite journal| author=Narumi S, Muroya K, Asakura Y, Aachi M, Hasegawa T| title=Molecular basis of thyroid dyshormonogenesis: genetic screening in population-based Japanese patients. | journal=J Clin Endocrinol Metab | year= 2011 | volume= 96 | issue= 11 | pages= E1838-42 | pmid=21900383 | doi=10.1210/jc.2011-1573 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21900383 }}</ref><ref name="pmid18426362">{{cite journal| author=Ohye H, Fukata S, Hishinuma A, Kudo T, Nishihara E, Ito M et al.| title=A novel homozygous missense mutation of the dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2) gene in an adult patient with large goiter. | journal=Thyroid | year= 2008 | volume= 18 | issue= 5 | pages= 561-6 | pmid=18426362 | doi=10.1089/thy.2007.0258 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18426362 }}</ref> | *Cretinism is caused by a mutation in the genes responsible for the thyroid hormone secretion. These genes include the following:<ref name="pmid21900383">{{cite journal| author=Narumi S, Muroya K, Asakura Y, Aachi M, Hasegawa T| title=Molecular basis of thyroid dyshormonogenesis: genetic screening in population-based Japanese patients. | journal=J Clin Endocrinol Metab | year= 2011 | volume= 96 | issue= 11 | pages= E1838-42 | pmid=21900383 | doi=10.1210/jc.2011-1573 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21900383 }}</ref><ref name="pmid18426362">{{cite journal| author=Ohye H, Fukata S, Hishinuma A, Kudo T, Nishihara E, Ito M et al.| title=A novel homozygous missense mutation of the dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2) gene in an adult patient with large goiter. | journal=Thyroid | year= 2008 | volume= 18 | issue= 5 | pages= 561-6 | pmid=18426362 | doi=10.1089/thy.2007.0258 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18426362 }}</ref> | ||
**Dual oxidase 2 gene (DUOX 2) | **[[DUOX2|Dual oxidase 2 gene (DUOX 2)]] | ||
**Thyroglobulin gene (TG) | **[[Thyroglobulin|Thyroglobulin gene (TG)]] | ||
**Thyroid peroxidase | **[[Thyroid peroxidase|Thyroid peroxidase gene (TPO)]] | ||
**Thyroid stimulating hormone receptor gene (TSHR) | **[[Thyroid-stimulating hormone|Thyroid stimulating hormone receptor gene (TSHR)]] | ||
===Causes in Alphabetical Order=== | ===Causes in Alphabetical Order=== | ||
Revision as of 19:20, 11 September 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2]
Overview
Cretinism may be caused by congenital causes like thyroid dysgenesis and ectopic thyroid gland. Cretinism can be caused by other causes like antithyroid medications and iodine deficiency.
Causes
Primary cretinism
Common Causes
Primary Cretinism may be caused by:[1][2]
- Congenital causes:
- Thyroid dysgenesis
- Thyroid dyshormonogenesis
- Ectopic thyroid gland
- Acquired causes:
- Autoimmune diseases
- Antibodies pass placenta cause hypothyroidism
- Antithyroid medications usage that can cross the placenta
- Iodine deficiency
- Inability to uptake iodide
Secondary (central) hypothyroidism
Central hypothyroidism is caused by:[3]
- Inflammation or infection of pituitary gland and hypothalamus
- Trauma
- Structural changes
- Untreated maternal hypothyroidism during pregnancy
Genetic Causes
- Cretinism is caused by a mutation in the TTF-2 gene.
- Cretinism is caused by a mutation in the genes responsible for the thyroid hormone secretion. These genes include the following:[4][5]
Causes in Alphabetical Order
List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order.
The unnamed parameter 2= is no longer supported. Please see the documentation for {{columns-list}}.
3References
- ↑ Persani L, Calebiro D, Cordella D, Weber G, Gelmini G, Libri D; et al. (2010). "Genetics and phenomics of hypothyroidism due to TSH resistance". Mol Cell Endocrinol. 322 (1–2): 72–82. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2010.01.008. PMID 20083154.
- ↑ Wassner AJ (2017). "Pediatric Hypothyroidism: Diagnosis and Treatment". Paediatr Drugs. 19 (4): 291–301. doi:10.1007/s40272-017-0238-0. PMID 28534114.
- ↑ Kempers MJ, van Tijn DA, van Trotsenburg AS, de Vijlder JJ, Wiedijk BM, Vulsma T (2003). "Central congenital hypothyroidism due to gestational hyperthyroidism: detection where prevention failed". J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 88 (12): 5851–7. doi:10.1210/jc.2003-030665. PMID 14671180.
- ↑ Narumi S, Muroya K, Asakura Y, Aachi M, Hasegawa T (2011). "Molecular basis of thyroid dyshormonogenesis: genetic screening in population-based Japanese patients". J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 96 (11): E1838–42. doi:10.1210/jc.2011-1573. PMID 21900383.
- ↑ Ohye H, Fukata S, Hishinuma A, Kudo T, Nishihara E, Ito M; et al. (2008). "A novel homozygous missense mutation of the dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2) gene in an adult patient with large goiter". Thyroid. 18 (5): 561–6. doi:10.1089/thy.2007.0258. PMID 18426362.