Chorioamnionitis pathophysiology

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Pathophysiology

The amniotic sac consists of two membranes:

• The outer membrane, the chorion, contains the amnion and is part of the placenta.
• The inner membrane, the amnion, contains the amniotic fluid and the fetus.

Chorioamnionitis is an inflammation of the chorion and amnion. It is usually caused by a bacterial infection.

Mechanisms

• Ascending bacteria from the lower genital tract (vagina, cervix) which is the most common cause.
• Prolonged rupture of the membranes which facilitates the bacteria to invade the maternal tissues.
• Invasive fetal procedures (amniocentesis, chorionic villous sampling).
• Haematgenous spread, but it is less common.