Upper gastrointestinal bleeding epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
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Whiting studied a cohort of 325 patients and found the odds ratios for the strongest predictors were: black stool, 16.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.7-35.7); age < 50 years, 8.4 (95% CI, 3.2-22.1); and blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio 30 or more, 10.0 (95% CI, 4.0-25.6){{ref|2}} . Seven (5%) of 151 with none of these factors had an upper GI tract bleed, versus 63 (93%) of 68 with 2 or 3 factors. Ernst found similar results{{ref|1}}. | Whiting studied a cohort of 325 patients and found the odds ratios for the strongest predictors were: black stool, 16.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.7-35.7); age < 50 years, 8.4 (95% CI, 3.2-22.1); and blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio 30 or more, 10.0 (95% CI, 4.0-25.6){{ref|2}} . Seven (5%) of 151 with none of these factors had an upper GI tract bleed, versus 63 (93%) of 68 with 2 or 3 factors. Ernst found similar results{{ref|1}}. | ||
==Overview== | |||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | |||
===Incidence=== | |||
*The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide. | |||
*In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide. | |||
===Prevalence=== | |||
*The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide. | |||
*In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide. | |||
*The prevalence of [disease/malignancy] is estimated to be [number] cases annually. | |||
===Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate=== | |||
*In [year], the incidence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [number range]%. | |||
*The case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [disease name] is approximately [number range]. | |||
===Age=== | |||
*Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name]. | |||
*The incidence of [disease name] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is [#] years. | |||
*[Disease name] commonly affects individuals younger than/older than [number of years] years of age. | |||
*[Chronic disease name] is usually first diagnosed among [age group]. | |||
*[Acute disease name] commonly affects [age group]. | |||
===Race=== | |||
*There is no racial predilection to [disease name]. | |||
*[Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race. [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name]. | |||
===Gender=== | |||
*[Disease name] affects men and women equally. | |||
*[Gender 1] are more commonly affected by [disease name] than [gender 2]. The [gender 1] to [gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1. | |||
===Region=== | |||
*The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region]. | |||
*[Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2]. | |||
===Developed Countries=== | |||
===Developing Countries=== | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 20:15, 12 October 2017
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Upper gastrointestinal bleeding Microchapters |
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Differentiating Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding from other Diseases |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Epidemiology and Demographics
About 75% of patients presenting to the emergency room with GI bleeding have an upper source [2]. The diagnosis is easier when the patient has hematemesis. In the absence of hematemesis, 40% to 50% of patients in the emergency room with GI bleeding have an upper source[3] [4] [5]. Determining whether a patient truly has an upper GI bleed versus lower gastrointestinal bleeding is difficult.
Whiting studied a cohort of 325 patients and found the odds ratios for the strongest predictors were: black stool, 16.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.7-35.7); age < 50 years, 8.4 (95% CI, 3.2-22.1); and blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio 30 or more, 10.0 (95% CI, 4.0-25.6)[6] . Seven (5%) of 151 with none of these factors had an upper GI tract bleed, versus 63 (93%) of 68 with 2 or 3 factors. Ernst found similar results[7].
Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
- In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
Prevalence
- The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
- In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
- The prevalence of [disease/malignancy] is estimated to be [number] cases annually.
Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate
- In [year], the incidence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [number range]%.
- The case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [disease name] is approximately [number range].
Age
- Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].
- The incidence of [disease name] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is [#] years.
- [Disease name] commonly affects individuals younger than/older than [number of years] years of age.
- [Chronic disease name] is usually first diagnosed among [age group].
- [Acute disease name] commonly affects [age group].
Race
- There is no racial predilection to [disease name].
- [Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race. [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].
Gender
- [Disease name] affects men and women equally.
- [Gender 1] are more commonly affected by [disease name] than [gender 2]. The [gender 1] to [gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.
Region
- The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region].
- [Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2].