Incidentaloma secondary prevention: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Effective measures for the [[secondary prevention]] of [[adrenal incidentaloma]] include annual [[biochemical]] follow-up for up to 5 yr, no routine follow-up of [[Adrenal incidentaloma|adrenal incidentalomas]] with a non-[[Contrast medium|contrast attenuation]] value no greater than 10 HU. Patients with [[Adrenal mass causes|adrenal masses]] less than 4 cm in size and a [[Contrast medium|non-contrast]] attenuation value more than 10 HU should have a repeat [[Computed tomography|CT]] study in 3–6 months and then yearly for 2 yr. | Effective measures for the [[secondary prevention]] of [[adrenal incidentaloma]] include annual [[biochemical]] follow-up for up to 5 yr, no routine follow-up of [[Adrenal incidentaloma|adrenal incidentalomas]] with a non-[[Contrast medium|contrast attenuation]] value no greater than 10 HU. Patients with [[Adrenal mass causes|adrenal masses]] less than 4 cm in size and a [[Contrast medium|non-contrast]] attenuation value more than 10 [[Hounsfield units|HU]] should have a repeat [[Computed tomography|CT]] study in 3–6 months and then yearly for 2 yr. | ||
==Secondary Prevention== | ==Secondary Prevention== | ||
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**The transformation rate of nonfunctional [[Adrenal gland|adrenal]] [[Mass|masses]] to functional [[tumors]] seems to be higher in [[Adrenal gland|adrenal]] [[Mass|masses]] greater than 3 cm in size. | **The transformation rate of nonfunctional [[Adrenal gland|adrenal]] [[Mass|masses]] to functional [[tumors]] seems to be higher in [[Adrenal gland|adrenal]] [[Mass|masses]] greater than 3 cm in size. | ||
**Annual [[biochemical]] follow-up for up to 5 yr may be reasonable for patients with [[Adrenal incidentaloma|adrenal incidentalomas]], especially if the [[tumor]] is more than 3 cm in size. | **Annual [[biochemical]] follow-up for up to 5 yr may be reasonable for patients with [[Adrenal incidentaloma|adrenal incidentalomas]], especially if the [[tumor]] is more than 3 cm in size. | ||
**No routine follow-up of [[Adrenal gland|adrenal]] incidentalomas with a non-contrast attenuation value no greater than 10 HU. | **No routine follow-up of [[Adrenal gland|adrenal]] incidentalomas with a non-contrast attenuation value no greater than 10 [[Hounsfield units|HU]]. | ||
**[[Malignancy]] can be detected by an absolute increase in size of 0.8 cm, 0.64 cm growth per year or a 25% increase in size per year. | **[[Malignancy]] can be detected by an absolute increase in size of 0.8 cm, 0.64 cm growth per year or a 25% increase in size per year. | ||
**A one-time follow-up scan in 6–12 months may be reassuring to the physician and the patient. | **A one-time follow-up scan in 6–12 months may be reassuring to the physician and the patient. | ||
Revision as of 18:46, 16 October 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohammed Abdelwahed M.D[2]
Overview
Effective measures for the secondary prevention of adrenal incidentaloma include annual biochemical follow-up for up to 5 yr, no routine follow-up of adrenal incidentalomas with a non-contrast attenuation value no greater than 10 HU. Patients with adrenal masses less than 4 cm in size and a non-contrast attenuation value more than 10 HU should have a repeat CT study in 3–6 months and then yearly for 2 yr.
Secondary Prevention
- Effective measures for the secondary prevention of adrenal incidentaloma include:[1][2][3][4][5]
- Excess hormone secretion may develop in up to 20% of patients with previously nonfunctional adrenal tumors during follow- up.
- The transformation rate of nonfunctional adrenal masses to functional tumors seems to be higher in adrenal masses greater than 3 cm in size.
- Annual biochemical follow-up for up to 5 yr may be reasonable for patients with adrenal incidentalomas, especially if the tumor is more than 3 cm in size.
- No routine follow-up of adrenal incidentalomas with a non-contrast attenuation value no greater than 10 HU.
- Malignancy can be detected by an absolute increase in size of 0.8 cm, 0.64 cm growth per year or a 25% increase in size per year.
- A one-time follow-up scan in 6–12 months may be reassuring to the physician and the patient.
- Patients with adrenal masses less than 4 cm in size and a non-contrast attenuation value more than 10 HU should have a repeat CT study in 3–6 months and then yearly for 2 yr.
- Surgical excision may be considered for tumors with indeterminate radiological features that grow at least 0.8 cm over 3- to 12-month follow-up.
References
- ↑ Barzon L, Scaroni C, Sonino N, Fallo F, Paoletta A, Boscaro M (1999). "Risk factors and long-term follow-up of adrenal incidentalomas". J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 84 (2): 520–6. doi:10.1210/jcem.84.2.5444. PMID 10022410.
- ↑ Grumbach MM, Biller BM, Braunstein GD, Campbell KK, Carney JA, Godley PA; et al. (2003). "Management of the clinically inapparent adrenal mass ("incidentaloma")". Ann Intern Med. 138 (5): 424–9. PMID 12614096.
- ↑ Pantalone KM, Gopan T, Remer EM, Faiman C, Ioachimescu AG, Levin HS; et al. (2010). "Change in adrenal mass size as a predictor of a malignant tumor". Endocr Pract. 16 (4): 577–87. doi:10.4158/EP09351.OR. PMID 20150023.
- ↑ Zeiger MA, Thompson GB, Duh QY, Hamrahian AH, Angelos P, Elaraj D; et al. (2009). "American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American Association of Endocrine Surgeons Medical Guidelines for the Management of Adrenal Incidentalomas: executive summary of recommendations". Endocr Pract. 15 (5): 450–3. doi:10.4158/EP.15.5.450. PMID 19632968.
- ↑ Cawood TJ, Hunt PJ, O'Shea D, Cole D, Soule S (2009). "Recommended evaluation of adrenal incidentalomas is costly, has high false-positive rates and confers a risk of fatal cancer that is similar to the risk of the adrenal lesion becoming malignant; time for a rethink?". Eur J Endocrinol. 161 (4): 513–27. doi:10.1530/EJE-09-0234. PMID 19439510.