Acute liver failure classification: Difference between revisions
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There is no established classification of acute liver failure on the basis of [[Etiology|etiology.]] However, it can be classified on the basis of [[etiology]] as:<ref name="pmid18318440">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lee WM, Squires RH, Nyberg SL, Doo E, Hoofnagle JH |title=Acute liver failure: Summary of a workshop |journal=Hepatology |volume=47 |issue=4 |pages=1401–15 |year=2008 |pmid=18318440 |pmc=3381946 |doi=10.1002/hep.22177 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18452114">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lee WM |title=Etiologies of acute liver failure |journal=Semin. Liver Dis. |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=142–52 |year=2008 |pmid=18452114 |doi=10.1055/s-2008-1073114 |url=}}</ref> | There is no established classification of acute liver failure on the basis of [[Etiology|etiology.]] However, it can be classified on the basis of [[etiology]] as:<ref name="pmid18318440">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lee WM, Squires RH, Nyberg SL, Doo E, Hoofnagle JH |title=Acute liver failure: Summary of a workshop |journal=Hepatology |volume=47 |issue=4 |pages=1401–15 |year=2008 |pmid=18318440 |pmc=3381946 |doi=10.1002/hep.22177 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18452114">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lee WM |title=Etiologies of acute liver failure |journal=Semin. Liver Dis. |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=142–52 |year=2008 |pmid=18452114 |doi=10.1055/s-2008-1073114 |url=}}</ref> | ||
====Viral==== | ====Viral==== | ||
*The [[viruses]] associated with [[hepatitis]] are [[A]], [[B | *The [[viruses]] associated with [[hepatitis]] are [[Viral hepatitis|A, B, C, D, E]], [[Viral hepatitis X (non-A,-B,-C,-D,-E)|cytomegalovirus (CMV), varicella, herpes simpex (HSV) and adeno virus]]. | ||
====Metabolic==== | ====Metabolic==== | ||
*Hemochromatosis | *[[Hemochromatosis]] | ||
*Wilson | *[[Wilson's disease]] | ||
====Vascular==== | ====Vascular==== | ||
*Righ heart failure | *[[Right heart failure|Righ heart failure]] | ||
*Portal vein thrombosis | *[[Portal vein thrombosis]] | ||
*Budd chiari syndrome | *[[Budd-Chiari syndrome|Budd chiari syndrome]] | ||
====Drugs and Toxins==== | ====Drugs and Toxins==== | ||
*Acetaminopehn | *[[Acetaminophen|Acetaminopehn]] | ||
*Carbontetrachloride (CCL4) | *[[Carbon tetrachloride|Carbontetrachloride (CCL4)]] | ||
*Isonizid (INH) | *[[Isoniazid|Isonizid (INH)]] | ||
*Halothane | *[[Halothane]] | ||
*Valproic acid | *[[Valproic acid]] | ||
*Amanita phalloides | *[[Amanita phalloides]] | ||
====Other==== | ====Other==== | ||
*HELP syndrome | *HELP syndrome | ||
*Acute fatty liver of pregnancy | *[[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]] | ||
*Reye's syndrome | *[[Reye's syndrome]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 15:50, 27 October 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Husnain Shaukat, M.D [2] Aditya Govindavarjhulla, M.B.B.S. [3]
Overview
Classification
Acute liver failure may be classified on the basis of the duration of the symptoms between the onset of jaundice to the onset of encephalopathy. The different classification systems based on the number of weeks from the appearance of jaundice to the encephalopathy are:[1] [2][3][4][5][6]
| Classification system | Duration |
|---|---|
| O’Grady System |
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| Bernuau System |
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| Japanese System |
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- This classification based on time duration provides helpful clues about etiology, complications, and prognosis such as in hyperacute cases, the cause is usually viral infections or acetaminophen toxicity.
- The subacute cases can be due to idiosyncratic drug reactions and can also be confused with chronic liver disease.
- The hyperacute liver failure has a better prognosis than subacute liver failure.
Classification based on etiology
There is no established classification of acute liver failure on the basis of etiology. However, it can be classified on the basis of etiology as:[7][8]
Viral
- The viruses associated with hepatitis are A, B, C, D, E, cytomegalovirus (CMV), varicella, herpes simpex (HSV) and adeno virus.
Metabolic
Vascular
Drugs and Toxins
Other
- HELP syndrome
- Acute fatty liver of pregnancy
- Reye's syndrome
References
- ↑ O'Grady JG, Schalm SW, Williams R. Acute liver failure: redefining the syndromes. Lancet 1993;342:273-5. PMID 8101303.
- ↑ O'Grady JG (2005). "Acute liver failure". Postgraduate medical journal. 81 (953): 148–54. doi:10.1136/pgmj.2004.026005. PMID 15749789.
- ↑ Williams R (1996). "Classification, etiology, and considerations of outcome in acute liver failure". Seminars in Liver Disease. 16 (4): 343–8. doi:10.1055/s-2007-1007247. PMID 9027947. Retrieved 2012-10-26. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ O'Grady, JG.; Schalm, SW.; Williams, R. (1993). "Acute liver failure: redefining the syndromes". Lancet. 342 (8866): 273–5. PMID 8101303. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Bernuau, J.; Rueff, B.; Benhamou, JP. (1986). "Fulminant and subfulminant liver failure: definitions and causes". Semin Liver Dis. 6 (2): 97–106. doi:10.1055/s-2008-1040593. PMID 3529410. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Mochida, S.; Nakayama, N.; Matsui, A.; Nagoshi, S.; Fujiwara, K. (2008). "Re-evaluation of the Guideline published by the Acute Liver Failure Study Group of Japan in 1996 to determine the indications of liver transplantation in patients with fulminant hepatitis". Hepatol Res. 38 (10): 970–9. doi:10.1111/j.1872-034X.2008.00368.x. PMID 18462374. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Lee WM, Squires RH, Nyberg SL, Doo E, Hoofnagle JH (2008). "Acute liver failure: Summary of a workshop". Hepatology. 47 (4): 1401–15. doi:10.1002/hep.22177. PMC 3381946. PMID 18318440.
- ↑ Lee WM (2008). "Etiologies of acute liver failure". Semin. Liver Dis. 28 (2): 142–52. doi:10.1055/s-2008-1073114. PMID 18452114.