Toxic megacolon natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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===Prognosis=== | ===Prognosis=== | ||
*Depending on the presence of the perforation at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary. However, the prognosis is generally regarded as excellent without perforation.<ref name="pmid6691535">{{cite journal |vauthors=Grant CS, Dozois RR |title=Toxic megacolon: ultimate fate of patients after successful medical management |journal=Am. J. Surg. |volume=147 |issue=1 |pages=106–10 |year=1984 |pmid=6691535 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid7555415">{{cite journal |vauthors=Trudel JL, Deschênes M, Mayrand S, Barkun AN |title=Toxic megacolon complicating pseudomembranous enterocolitis |journal=Dis. Colon Rectum |volume=38 |issue=10 |pages=1033–8 |year=1995 |pmid=7555415 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="GanBeck2003">{{cite journal|last1=Gan|first1=S. Ian|last2=Beck|first2=P. L.|title=A new look at toxic megacolon: an update and review of incidence, etiology, pathogenesis, and management|journal=The American Journal of Gastroenterology|volume=98|issue=11|year=2003|pages=2363–2371|issn=0002-9270|doi=10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07696.x}}</ref> | *Depending on the presence of the perforation at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary. However, the prognosis is generally regarded as excellent without perforation.<ref name="pmid6691535">{{cite journal |vauthors=Grant CS, Dozois RR |title=Toxic megacolon: ultimate fate of patients after successful medical management |journal=Am. J. Surg. |volume=147 |issue=1 |pages=106–10 |year=1984 |pmid=6691535 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid7555415">{{cite journal |vauthors=Trudel JL, Deschênes M, Mayrand S, Barkun AN |title=Toxic megacolon complicating pseudomembranous enterocolitis |journal=Dis. Colon Rectum |volume=38 |issue=10 |pages=1033–8 |year=1995 |pmid=7555415 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Early surgical management leads to better prognosis when compared to medical management.<ref name="GanBeck2003">{{cite journal|last1=Gan|first1=S. Ian|last2=Beck|first2=P. L.|title=A new look at toxic megacolon: an update and review of incidence, etiology, pathogenesis, and management|journal=The American Journal of Gastroenterology|volume=98|issue=11|year=2003|pages=2363–2371|issn=0002-9270|doi=10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07696.x}}</ref> | |||
*Majority of patients of toxic megacolon treated with medical management requires colectomy on long term follow up.<ref name="pmid4008909">{{cite journal |vauthors=Greenstein AJ, Sachar DB, Gibas A, Schrag D, Heimann T, Janowitz HD, Aufses AH |title=Outcome of toxic dilatation in ulcerative and Crohn's colitis |journal=J. Clin. Gastroenterol. |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=137–43 |year=1985 |pmid=4008909 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
OR
Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
OR
Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
- The symptoms of (disease name) usually develop in the first/ second/ third decade of life, and start with symptoms such as ___.
- The symptoms of (disease name) typically develop ___ years after exposure to ___.
- If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
Complications
- Common complications of toxic megacolon include:[1][2]
- Perforation or opening in the wall of the colon
- Bleeding
- Shock
- Sepsis
Prognosis
- Depending on the presence of the perforation at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary. However, the prognosis is generally regarded as excellent without perforation.[3][4]
- Early surgical management leads to better prognosis when compared to medical management.[5]
- Majority of patients of toxic megacolon treated with medical management requires colectomy on long term follow up.[6]
References
- ↑ Autenrieth DM, Baumgart DC (2012). "Toxic megacolon". Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 18 (3): 584–91. doi:10.1002/ibd.21847. PMID 22009735.
- ↑ Sayedy, Leena (2010). "Toxic megacolon associatedClostridium difficilecolitis". World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 2 (8): 293. doi:10.4253/wjge.v2.i8.293. ISSN 1948-5190.
- ↑ Grant CS, Dozois RR (1984). "Toxic megacolon: ultimate fate of patients after successful medical management". Am. J. Surg. 147 (1): 106–10. PMID 6691535.
- ↑ Trudel JL, Deschênes M, Mayrand S, Barkun AN (1995). "Toxic megacolon complicating pseudomembranous enterocolitis". Dis. Colon Rectum. 38 (10): 1033–8. PMID 7555415.
- ↑ Gan, S. Ian; Beck, P. L. (2003). "A new look at toxic megacolon: an update and review of incidence, etiology, pathogenesis, and management". The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 98 (11): 2363–2371. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07696.x. ISSN 0002-9270.
- ↑ Greenstein AJ, Sachar DB, Gibas A, Schrag D, Heimann T, Janowitz HD, Aufses AH (1985). "Outcome of toxic dilatation in ulcerative and Crohn's colitis". J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 7 (2): 137–43. PMID 4008909.