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===Prevalence===
===Prevalence===
*The worldwide [[prevalence]] of [[Irritable bowel syndrome|IBS]] is approximately 11,200 per 100,000 individuals worldwide.<ref name="pmid21333897">{{cite journal |vauthors=Choung RS, Locke GR |title=Epidemiology of IBS |journal=Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am. |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=1–10 |year=2011 |pmid=21333897 |doi=10.1016/j.gtc.2010.12.006 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28901578">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gwee KA, Ghoshal UC, Chen M |title=Irritable bowel syndrome in Asia: pathogenesis, natural history, epidemiology and management |journal=J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2017 |pmid=28901578 |doi=10.1111/jgh.13987 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid27623513">{{cite journal |vauthors=Quigley EM, Fried M, Gwee KA, Khalif I, Hungin AP, Lindberg G, Abbas Z, Fernandez LB, Bhatia SJ, Schmulson M, Olano C, LeMair A |title=World Gastroenterology Organisation Global Guidelines Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Global Perspective Update September 2015 |journal=J. Clin. Gastroenterol. |volume=50 |issue=9 |pages=704–13 |year=2016 |pmid=27623513 |doi=10.1097/MCG.0000000000000653 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid7657095">{{cite journal |vauthors=Agréus L, Svärdsudd K, Nyrén O, Tibblin G |title=Irritable bowel syndrome and dyspepsia in the general population: overlap and lack of stability over time |journal=Gastroenterology |volume=109 |issue=3 |pages=671–80 |year=1995 |pmid=7657095 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18492027">{{cite journal |vauthors=Husain N, Chaudhry IB, Jafri F, Niaz SK, Tomenson B, Creed F |title=A population-based study of irritable bowel syndrome in a non-Western population |journal=Neurogastroenterol. Motil. |volume=20 |issue=9 |pages=1022–9 |year=2008 |pmid=18492027 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2982.2008.01143.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11837727">{{cite journal |vauthors=Thompson WG, Irvine EJ, Pare P, Ferrazzi S, Rance L |title=Functional gastrointestinal disorders in Canada: first population-based survey using Rome II criteria with suggestions for improving the questionnaire |journal=Dig. Dis. Sci. |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=225–35 |year=2002 |pmid=11837727 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid1587415">{{cite journal |vauthors=Heaton KW, O'Donnell LJ, Braddon FE, Mountford RA, Hughes AO, Cripps PJ |title=Symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a British urban community: consulters and nonconsulters |journal=Gastroenterology |volume=102 |issue=6 |pages=1962–7 |year=1992 |pmid=1587415 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid1737146">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jones R, Lydeard S |title=Irritable bowel syndrome in the general population |journal=BMJ |volume=304 |issue=6819 |pages=87–90 |year=1992 |pmid=1737146 |pmc=1880997 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15239910">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wilson S, Roberts L, Roalfe A, Bridge P, Singh S |title=Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome: a community survey |journal=Br J Gen Pract |volume=54 |issue=504 |pages=495–502 |year=2004 |pmid=15239910 |pmc=1324800 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22426087">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lovell RM, Ford AC |title=Global prevalence of and risk factors for irritable bowel syndrome: a meta-analysis |journal=Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. |volume=10 |issue=7 |pages=712–721.e4 |year=2012 |pmid=22426087 |doi=10.1016/j.cgh.2012.02.029 |url=}}</ref>
*The [[prevalence]] of [[Irritable bowel syndrome|IBS]] is approximately 11,200 per 100,000 individuals worldwide.<ref name="pmid21333897">{{cite journal |vauthors=Choung RS, Locke GR |title=Epidemiology of IBS |journal=Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am. |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=1–10 |year=2011 |pmid=21333897 |doi=10.1016/j.gtc.2010.12.006 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28901578">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gwee KA, Ghoshal UC, Chen M |title=Irritable bowel syndrome in Asia: pathogenesis, natural history, epidemiology and management |journal=J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2017 |pmid=28901578 |doi=10.1111/jgh.13987 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid27623513">{{cite journal |vauthors=Quigley EM, Fried M, Gwee KA, Khalif I, Hungin AP, Lindberg G, Abbas Z, Fernandez LB, Bhatia SJ, Schmulson M, Olano C, LeMair A |title=World Gastroenterology Organisation Global Guidelines Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Global Perspective Update September 2015 |journal=J. Clin. Gastroenterol. |volume=50 |issue=9 |pages=704–13 |year=2016 |pmid=27623513 |doi=10.1097/MCG.0000000000000653 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid7657095">{{cite journal |vauthors=Agréus L, Svärdsudd K, Nyrén O, Tibblin G |title=Irritable bowel syndrome and dyspepsia in the general population: overlap and lack of stability over time |journal=Gastroenterology |volume=109 |issue=3 |pages=671–80 |year=1995 |pmid=7657095 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18492027">{{cite journal |vauthors=Husain N, Chaudhry IB, Jafri F, Niaz SK, Tomenson B, Creed F |title=A population-based study of irritable bowel syndrome in a non-Western population |journal=Neurogastroenterol. Motil. |volume=20 |issue=9 |pages=1022–9 |year=2008 |pmid=18492027 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2982.2008.01143.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11837727">{{cite journal |vauthors=Thompson WG, Irvine EJ, Pare P, Ferrazzi S, Rance L |title=Functional gastrointestinal disorders in Canada: first population-based survey using Rome II criteria with suggestions for improving the questionnaire |journal=Dig. Dis. Sci. |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=225–35 |year=2002 |pmid=11837727 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid1587415">{{cite journal |vauthors=Heaton KW, O'Donnell LJ, Braddon FE, Mountford RA, Hughes AO, Cripps PJ |title=Symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a British urban community: consulters and nonconsulters |journal=Gastroenterology |volume=102 |issue=6 |pages=1962–7 |year=1992 |pmid=1587415 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid1737146">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jones R, Lydeard S |title=Irritable bowel syndrome in the general population |journal=BMJ |volume=304 |issue=6819 |pages=87–90 |year=1992 |pmid=1737146 |pmc=1880997 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15239910">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wilson S, Roberts L, Roalfe A, Bridge P, Singh S |title=Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome: a community survey |journal=Br J Gen Pract |volume=54 |issue=504 |pages=495–502 |year=2004 |pmid=15239910 |pmc=1324800 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22426087">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lovell RM, Ford AC |title=Global prevalence of and risk factors for irritable bowel syndrome: a meta-analysis |journal=Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. |volume=10 |issue=7 |pages=712–721.e4 |year=2012 |pmid=22426087 |doi=10.1016/j.cgh.2012.02.029 |url=}}</ref>
*The [[prevalence]] of [[Irritable bowel syndrome|IBS]] varies with geographical and [[Demographics|demographic]] distribution. The [[prevalence]] of [[Irritable bowel syndrome|IBS]] in USA and Europe is 10,000-20,000 per 100,000 individuals.<ref name="pmid8359066">{{cite journal |vauthors=Drossman DA, Li Z, Andruzzi E, Temple RD, Talley NJ, Thompson WG, Whitehead WE, Janssens J, Funch-Jensen P, Corazziari E |title=U.S. householder survey of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Prevalence, sociodemography, and health impact |journal=Dig. Dis. Sci. |volume=38 |issue=9 |pages=1569–80 |year=1993 |pmid=8359066 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20074154">{{cite journal |vauthors=Grundmann O, Yoon SL |title=Irritable bowel syndrome: epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment: an update for health-care practitioners |journal=J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. |volume=25 |issue=4 |pages=691–9 |year=2010 |pmid=20074154 |doi=10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.06120.x |url=}}</ref>
*The [[prevalence]] of [[Irritable bowel syndrome|IBS]] varies with geographical and [[Demographics|demographic]] distribution. The [[prevalence]] of [[Irritable bowel syndrome|IBS]] in USA and Europe is 10,000-20,000 per 100,000 individuals.<ref name="pmid8359066">{{cite journal |vauthors=Drossman DA, Li Z, Andruzzi E, Temple RD, Talley NJ, Thompson WG, Whitehead WE, Janssens J, Funch-Jensen P, Corazziari E |title=U.S. householder survey of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Prevalence, sociodemography, and health impact |journal=Dig. Dis. Sci. |volume=38 |issue=9 |pages=1569–80 |year=1993 |pmid=8359066 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20074154">{{cite journal |vauthors=Grundmann O, Yoon SL |title=Irritable bowel syndrome: epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment: an update for health-care practitioners |journal=J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. |volume=25 |issue=4 |pages=691–9 |year=2010 |pmid=20074154 |doi=10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.06120.x |url=}}</ref>


===Age===
===Age===
*The incidence of [[Irritable bowel syndrome|IBS]] decreases with age; the median age at diagnosis is 20 years.
*IBS commonly affects individuals younger than 35 years of age.<ref name="pmid9400529">{{cite journal |vauthors=Maxwell PR, Mendall MA, Kumar D |title=Irritable bowel syndrome |journal=Lancet |volume=350 |issue=9092 |pages=1691–5 |year=1997 |pmid=9400529 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*IBS commonly affects individuals younger than 35 years of age.<ref name="pmid9400529">{{cite journal |vauthors=Maxwell PR, Mendall MA, Kumar D |title=Irritable bowel syndrome |journal=Lancet |volume=350 |issue=9092 |pages=1691–5 |year=1997 |pmid=9400529 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*The prevalence of IBS is 25% lower in individuals over 50 years of age and these patients present with milder pain.<ref name="pmid22426087">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lovell RM, Ford AC |title=Global prevalence of and risk factors for irritable bowel syndrome: a meta-analysis |journal=Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. |volume=10 |issue=7 |pages=712–721.e4 |year=2012 |pmid=22426087 |doi=10.1016/j.cgh.2012.02.029 |url=}}</ref> <ref name="pmid23326122">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tang YR, Yang WW, Liang ML, Xu XY, Wang MF, Lin L |title=Age-related symptom and life quality changes in women with irritable bowel syndrome |journal=World J. Gastroenterol. |volume=18 |issue=48 |pages=7175–83 |year=2012 |pmid=23326122 |pmc=3544019 |doi=10.3748/wjg.v18.i48.7175 |url=}}</ref>
*The incidence of [[Irritable bowel syndrome|IBS]] decreases with age.
*The prevalence of IBS is 25% lower in individuals over 50 years of age.<ref name="pmid22426087">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lovell RM, Ford AC |title=Global prevalence of and risk factors for irritable bowel syndrome: a meta-analysis |journal=Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. |volume=10 |issue=7 |pages=712–721.e4 |year=2012 |pmid=22426087 |doi=10.1016/j.cgh.2012.02.029 |url=}}</ref> <ref name="pmid23326122">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tang YR, Yang WW, Liang ML, Xu XY, Wang MF, Lin L |title=Age-related symptom and life quality changes in women with irritable bowel syndrome |journal=World J. Gastroenterol. |volume=18 |issue=48 |pages=7175–83 |year=2012 |pmid=23326122 |pmc=3544019 |doi=10.3748/wjg.v18.i48.7175 |url=}}</ref>


===Race===
===Race===
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===Gender ===
===Gender ===
*Women are more commonly affected by [[Irritable bowel syndrome|IBS]] than men by 1.5 to 3 fold due to a combination of social and biological factors.<ref name="pmid19728159">{{cite journal |vauthors=Voci SC, Cramer KM |title=Gender-related traits, quality of life, and psychological adjustment among women with irritable bowel syndrome |journal=Qual Life Res |volume=18 |issue=9 |pages=1169–76 |year=2009 |pmid=19728159 |doi=10.1007/s11136-009-9532-9 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid8359066">{{cite journal |vauthors=Drossman DA, Li Z, Andruzzi E, Temple RD, Talley NJ, Thompson WG, Whitehead WE, Janssens J, Funch-Jensen P, Corazziari E |title=U.S. householder survey of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Prevalence, sociodemography, and health impact |journal=Dig. Dis. Sci. |volume=38 |issue=9 |pages=1569–80 |year=1993 |pmid=8359066 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16807154">{{cite journal |vauthors=Quigley EM, Bytzer P, Jones R, Mearin F |title=Irritable bowel syndrome: the burden and unmet needs in Europe |journal=Dig Liver Dis |volume=38 |issue=10 |pages=717–23 |year=2006 |pmid=16807154 |doi=10.1016/j.dld.2006.05.009 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid698649">{{cite journal |vauthors=Manning AP, Thompson WG, Heaton KW, Morris AF |title=Towards positive diagnosis of the irritable bowel |journal=Br Med J |volume=2 |issue=6138 |pages=653–4 |year=1978 |pmid=698649 |pmc=1607467 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9824603">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kennedy TM, Jones RH, Hungin AP, O'flanagan H, Kelly P |title=Irritable bowel syndrome, gastro-oesophageal reflux, and bronchial hyper-responsiveness in the general population |journal=Gut |volume=43 |issue=6 |pages=770–4 |year=1998 |pmid=9824603 |pmc=1727355 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*Females are more commonly affected by IBS than males. The female to male ratio is approximately 1.5-3. This is due to social and biological factors.
*The likelihood of diagnosis is 2-3 times more in women as compared to men. <ref name="pmid16115580">{{cite journal |vauthors=Payne S |title=Sex, gender, and irritable bowel syndrome: making the connections |journal=Gend Med |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=18–28 |year=2004 |pmid=16115580 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
''Social factors:''
*Health care seeking behavior for symptoms is 4-5 times higher in women as compared to men.<ref name="pmid8359066">{{cite journal |vauthors=Drossman DA, Li Z, Andruzzi E, Temple RD, Talley NJ, Thompson WG, Whitehead WE, Janssens J, Funch-Jensen P, Corazziari E |title=U.S. householder survey of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Prevalence, sociodemography, and health impact |journal=Dig. Dis. Sci. |volume=38 |issue=9 |pages=1569–80 |year=1993 |pmid=8359066 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16115580">{{cite journal |vauthors=Payne S |title=Sex, gender, and irritable bowel syndrome: making the connections |journal=Gend Med |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=18–28 |year=2004 |pmid=16115580 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22613905">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lovell RM, Ford AC |title=Effect of gender on prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in the community: systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Am. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=107 |issue=7 |pages=991–1000 |year=2012 |pmid=22613905 |doi=10.1038/ajg.2012.131 |url=}}</ref>
*The ratio is high in females as the ''likelihood of diagnosis of IBS'' is 2-3 times more in women as compared to men. This is because ''health care seeking behavior'' for symptoms is 4-5 times higher in women as compared to men.<ref name="pmid8359066" /><ref name="pmid16115580">{{cite journal |vauthors=Payne S |title=Sex, gender, and irritable bowel syndrome: making the connections |journal=Gend Med |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=18–28 |year=2004 |pmid=16115580 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22613905">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lovell RM, Ford AC |title=Effect of gender on prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in the community: systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Am. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=107 |issue=7 |pages=991–1000 |year=2012 |pmid=22613905 |doi=10.1038/ajg.2012.131 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9824603">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kennedy TM, Jones RH, Hungin AP, O'flanagan H, Kelly P |title=Irritable bowel syndrome, gastro-oesophageal reflux, and bronchial hyper-responsiveness in the general population |journal=Gut |volume=43 |issue=6 |pages=770–4 |year=1998 |pmid=9824603 |pmc=1727355 |doi= |url=}}</ref> <ref name="pmid19728159">{{cite journal |vauthors=Voci SC, Cramer KM |title=Gender-related traits, quality of life, and psychological adjustment among women with irritable bowel syndrome |journal=Qual Life Res |volume=18 |issue=9 |pages=1169–76 |year=2009 |pmid=19728159 |doi=10.1007/s11136-009-9532-9 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16807154">{{cite journal |vauthors=Quigley EM, Bytzer P, Jones R, Mearin F |title=Irritable bowel syndrome: the burden and unmet needs in Europe |journal=Dig Liver Dis |volume=38 |issue=10 |pages=717–23 |year=2006 |pmid=16807154 |doi=10.1016/j.dld.2006.05.009 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid698649">{{cite journal |vauthors=Manning AP, Thompson WG, Heaton KW, Morris AF |title=Towards positive diagnosis of the irritable bowel |journal=Br Med J |volume=2 |issue=6138 |pages=653–4 |year=1978 |pmid=698649 |pmc=1607467 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*It has been postulated that the fluctuation of [[Sex steroid|sex hormones]] in women during the [[menstrual cycle]] causing exacerbation of symptoms. <ref name="pmid7995186">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jackson NA, Houghton LA, Whorwell PJ, Currer B |title=Does the menstrual cycle affect anorectal physiology? |journal=Dig. Dis. Sci. |volume=39 |issue=12 |pages=2607–11 |year=1994 |pmid=7995186 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
''Biological factors:''
*33 in every 100 patients have a history of sexual abuse, with women mostly as victims. <ref name="pmid8379554">{{cite journal |vauthors=Walker EA, Katon WJ, Roy-Byrne PP, Jemelka RP, Russo J |title=Histories of sexual victimization in patients with irritable bowel syndrome or inflammatory bowel disease |journal=Am J Psychiatry |volume=150 |issue=10 |pages=1502–6 |year=1993 |pmid=8379554 |doi=10.1176/ajp.150.10.1502 |url=}}</ref>
*The fluctuation of [[Sex steroid|sex hormones]] in women during the [[menstrual cycle]] causes exacerbation of IBS symptoms. <ref name="pmid7995186">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jackson NA, Houghton LA, Whorwell PJ, Currer B |title=Does the menstrual cycle affect anorectal physiology? |journal=Dig. Dis. Sci. |volume=39 |issue=12 |pages=2607–11 |year=1994 |pmid=7995186 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid8379554">{{cite journal |vauthors=Walker EA, Katon WJ, Roy-Byrne PP, Jemelka RP, Russo J |title=Histories of sexual victimization in patients with irritable bowel syndrome or inflammatory bowel disease |journal=Am J Psychiatry |volume=150 |issue=10 |pages=1502–6 |year=1993 |pmid=8379554 |doi=10.1176/ajp.150.10.1502 |url=}}</ref>
*Women have a lower threshold for pain and are at greater risk for development of [[Somatoform disorder|functional]] and [[chronic pain disorders]] such as [[Irritable bowel syndrome|IBS]] and [[fibromyalgia]].<ref name="pmid21665365">{{cite journal |vauthors=Goffaux P, Michaud K, Gaudreau J, Chalaye P, Rainville P, Marchand S |title=Sex differences in perceived pain are affected by an anxious brain |journal=Pain |volume=152 |issue=9 |pages=2065–73 |year=2011 |pmid=21665365 |doi=10.1016/j.pain.2011.05.002 |url=}}</ref>   
*Women have a lower threshold for pain and are at greater risk for development of [[Somatoform disorder|functional]] and [[chronic pain disorders]] such as [[Irritable bowel syndrome|IBS]] and [[fibromyalgia]].<ref name="pmid21665365">{{cite journal |vauthors=Goffaux P, Michaud K, Gaudreau J, Chalaye P, Rainville P, Marchand S |title=Sex differences in perceived pain are affected by an anxious brain |journal=Pain |volume=152 |issue=9 |pages=2065–73 |year=2011 |pmid=21665365 |doi=10.1016/j.pain.2011.05.002 |url=}}</ref>   
*'''Pediatric population:''' 
*The worldwide prevalence of [[Irritable bowel syndrome|IBS]] is higher in girls. 
* The prevalence of IBS in Asia is higher in girls as compared to boys.<ref name="pmid22837878">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rajindrajith S, Devanarayana NM |title=Subtypes and Symptomatology of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: A School-based Survey Using Rome III Criteria |journal=J Neurogastroenterol Motil |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=298–304 |year=2012 |pmid=22837878 |pmc=3400818 |doi=10.5056/jnm.2012.18.3.298 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16140684">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dong L, Dingguo L, Xiaoxing X, Hanming L |title=An epidemiologic study of irritable bowel syndrome in adolescents and children in China: a school-based study |journal=Pediatrics |volume=116 |issue=3 |pages=e393–6 |year=2005 |pmid=16140684 |doi=10.1542/peds.2004-2764 |url=}}</ref>
'''Children'''
'''Children'''
* The prevalence of [[Irritable bowel syndrome|IBS]] in the pediatric population of different geographical settings is similar. <ref name="pmid16678566">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rasquin A, Di Lorenzo C, Forbes D, Guiraldes E, Hyams JS, Staiano A, Walker LS |title=Childhood functional gastrointestinal disorders: child/adolescent |journal=Gastroenterology |volume=130 |issue=5 |pages=1527–37 |year=2006 |pmid=16678566 |doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2005.08.063 |url=}}</ref>
* The prevalence of [[Irritable bowel syndrome|IBS]] in the pediatric population . <ref name="pmid16678566">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rasquin A, Di Lorenzo C, Forbes D, Guiraldes E, Hyams JS, Staiano A, Walker LS |title=Childhood functional gastrointestinal disorders: child/adolescent |journal=Gastroenterology |volume=130 |issue=5 |pages=1527–37 |year=2006 |pmid=16678566 |doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2005.08.063 |url=}}</ref>
* In the Western pediatric population, [[Irritable bowel syndrome|IBS]] is the commonest cause of functional RAP(Recurrent abdominal pain) as it accounts for more than 50% of all cases.<ref name="pmid7714688">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hyams JS, Treem WR, Justinich CJ, Davis P, Shoup M, Burke G |title=Characterization of symptoms in children with recurrent abdominal pain: resemblance to irritable bowel syndrome |journal=J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=209–14 |year=1995 |pmid=7714688 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15290263">{{cite journal |vauthors=El-Matary W, Spray C, Sandhu B |title=Irritable bowel syndrome: the commonest cause of recurrent abdominal pain in children |journal=Eur. J. Pediatr. |volume=163 |issue=10 |pages=584–8 |year=2004 |pmid=15290263 |doi=10.1007/s00431-004-1503-0 |url=}}</ref>
* In the Western pediatric population, [[Irritable bowel syndrome|IBS]] is the commonest cause of functional RAP(Recurrent abdominal pain) as it accounts for more than 50% of all cases.<ref name="pmid7714688">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hyams JS, Treem WR, Justinich CJ, Davis P, Shoup M, Burke G |title=Characterization of symptoms in children with recurrent abdominal pain: resemblance to irritable bowel syndrome |journal=J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=209–14 |year=1995 |pmid=7714688 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15290263">{{cite journal |vauthors=El-Matary W, Spray C, Sandhu B |title=Irritable bowel syndrome: the commonest cause of recurrent abdominal pain in children |journal=Eur. J. Pediatr. |volume=163 |issue=10 |pages=584–8 |year=2004 |pmid=15290263 |doi=10.1007/s00431-004-1503-0 |url=}}</ref>


* A greater prevalence of [[Irritable bowel syndrome|IBS]] has been found in girls worldwide.
*  
* In Asia, the ratio of girls affected as compared to boys is higher.<ref name="pmid22837878">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rajindrajith S, Devanarayana NM |title=Subtypes and Symptomatology of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: A School-based Survey Using Rome III Criteria |journal=J Neurogastroenterol Motil |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=298–304 |year=2012 |pmid=22837878 |pmc=3400818 |doi=10.5056/jnm.2012.18.3.298 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16140684">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dong L, Dingguo L, Xiaoxing X, Hanming L |title=An epidemiologic study of irritable bowel syndrome in adolescents and children in China: a school-based study |journal=Pediatrics |volume=116 |issue=3 |pages=e393–6 |year=2005 |pmid=16140684 |doi=10.1542/peds.2004-2764 |url=}}</ref>


===Region===
===Region===

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

  • IBS is an extremely common disorder in the population. [1][2][3][4]
  • In USA and Australia, 1 in every 10 people fulfill the Rome Ⅲ criteria  for IBS, although most of them tend to go undiagnosed.
  • In Asian countries, IBS is underdiagnosed as risk factors for infection and dietary patterns are undergoing change.[5]

Epidemiology and Demographics

Incidence

  • The incidence of IBS is approximately 200 per 100,000 individuals worldwide.[6]

Prevalence

Age

  • IBS commonly affects individuals younger than 35 years of age.[18]
  • The incidence of IBS decreases with age.
  • The prevalence of IBS is 25% lower in individuals over 50 years of age.[15] [19]

Race

  • There is no racial predilection to IBS.[20]

Gender

  • Females are more commonly affected by IBS than males. The female to male ratio is approximately 1.5-3. This is due to social and biological factors.

Social factors:

  • The ratio is high in females as the likelihood of diagnosis of IBS is 2-3 times more in women as compared to men. This is because health care seeking behavior for symptoms is 4-5 times higher in women as compared to men.[16][21][22][23] [24][25][26]

Biological factors:

Children

  • The prevalence of IBS in the pediatric population . [32]
  • In the Western pediatric population, IBS is the commonest cause of functional RAP(Recurrent abdominal pain) as it accounts for more than 50% of all cases.[33][34]

Region

  • The majority of IBS cases are reported in USA and Australia.
  • The prevalence of IBS in the pediatric population of different geographical settings is similar.

Developed Countries

In USA and Australia, 1 in every 10 people fulfill the Rome Ⅲ criteria  for IBS, although most of them tend to go undiagnosed.

Developing Countries

In Asia, Africa and South America, IBS is becoming increasingly prevalent as a disease of urbanization and industrialization. This is due to increased access to health care, internalization of stress and differing dietary choices. [5][35][5][36][37][7][38]

References

  1. ↑ Thompson WG, Longstreth GF, Drossman DA, Heaton KW, Irvine EJ, Müller-Lissner SA (1999). "Functional bowel disorders and functional abdominal pain". Gut. 45 Suppl 2: II43–7. PMC 1766683. PMID 10457044.
  2. ↑ Talley NJ, Spiller R (2002). "Irritable bowel syndrome: a little understood organic bowel disease?". Lancet. 360 (9332): 555–64. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09712-X. PMID 12241674.
  3. ↑ Boyce PM, Talley NJ, Burke C, Koloski NA (2006). "Epidemiology of the functional gastrointestinal disorders diagnosed according to Rome II criteria: an Australian population-based study". Intern Med J. 36 (1): 28–36. doi:10.1111/j.1445-5994.2006.01006.x. PMID 16409310.
  4. ↑ Corazziari E (2004). "Definition and epidemiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders". Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 18 (4): 613–31. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2004.04.012. PMID 15324703.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Gwee KA (2005). "Irritable bowel syndrome in developing countries--a disorder of civilization or colonization?". Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 17 (3): 317–24. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2005.00627.x. PMID 15916618.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Choung RS, Locke GR (2011). "Epidemiology of IBS". Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am. 40 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2010.12.006. PMID 21333897.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Gwee KA, Ghoshal UC, Chen M (2017). "Irritable bowel syndrome in Asia: pathogenesis, natural history, epidemiology and management". J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi:10.1111/jgh.13987. PMID 28901578.
  8. ↑ Quigley EM, Fried M, Gwee KA, Khalif I, Hungin AP, Lindberg G, Abbas Z, Fernandez LB, Bhatia SJ, Schmulson M, Olano C, LeMair A (2016). "World Gastroenterology Organisation Global Guidelines Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Global Perspective Update September 2015". J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 50 (9): 704–13. doi:10.1097/MCG.0000000000000653. PMID 27623513.
  9. ↑ Agréus L, Svärdsudd K, Nyrén O, Tibblin G (1995). "Irritable bowel syndrome and dyspepsia in the general population: overlap and lack of stability over time". Gastroenterology. 109 (3): 671–80. PMID 7657095.
  10. ↑ Husain N, Chaudhry IB, Jafri F, Niaz SK, Tomenson B, Creed F (2008). "A population-based study of irritable bowel syndrome in a non-Western population". Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 20 (9): 1022–9. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2008.01143.x. PMID 18492027.
  11. ↑ Thompson WG, Irvine EJ, Pare P, Ferrazzi S, Rance L (2002). "Functional gastrointestinal disorders in Canada: first population-based survey using Rome II criteria with suggestions for improving the questionnaire". Dig. Dis. Sci. 47 (1): 225–35. PMID 11837727.
  12. ↑ Heaton KW, O'Donnell LJ, Braddon FE, Mountford RA, Hughes AO, Cripps PJ (1992). "Symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a British urban community: consulters and nonconsulters". Gastroenterology. 102 (6): 1962–7. PMID 1587415.
  13. ↑ Jones R, Lydeard S (1992). "Irritable bowel syndrome in the general population". BMJ. 304 (6819): 87–90. PMC 1880997. PMID 1737146.
  14. ↑ Wilson S, Roberts L, Roalfe A, Bridge P, Singh S (2004). "Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome: a community survey". Br J Gen Pract. 54 (504): 495–502. PMC 1324800. PMID 15239910.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Lovell RM, Ford AC (2012). "Global prevalence of and risk factors for irritable bowel syndrome: a meta-analysis". Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 10 (7): 712–721.e4. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2012.02.029. PMID 22426087.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Drossman DA, Li Z, Andruzzi E, Temple RD, Talley NJ, Thompson WG, Whitehead WE, Janssens J, Funch-Jensen P, Corazziari E (1993). "U.S. householder survey of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Prevalence, sociodemography, and health impact". Dig. Dis. Sci. 38 (9): 1569–80. PMID 8359066.
  17. ↑ Grundmann O, Yoon SL (2010). "Irritable bowel syndrome: epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment: an update for health-care practitioners". J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 25 (4): 691–9. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.06120.x. PMID 20074154.
  18. ↑ Maxwell PR, Mendall MA, Kumar D (1997). "Irritable bowel syndrome". Lancet. 350 (9092): 1691–5. PMID 9400529.
  19. ↑ Tang YR, Yang WW, Liang ML, Xu XY, Wang MF, Lin L (2012). "Age-related symptom and life quality changes in women with irritable bowel syndrome". World J. Gastroenterol. 18 (48): 7175–83. doi:10.3748/wjg.v18.i48.7175. PMC 3544019. PMID 23326122.
  20. ↑ Haas JS, Phillips KA, Sonneborn D, McCulloch CE, Baker LC, Kaplan CP, Pérez-Stable EJ, Liang SY (2004). "Variation in access to health care for different racial/ethnic groups by the racial/ethnic composition of an individual's county of residence". Med Care. 42 (7): 707–14. PMID 15213496.
  21. ↑ Payne S (2004). "Sex, gender, and irritable bowel syndrome: making the connections". Gend Med. 1 (1): 18–28. PMID 16115580.
  22. ↑ Lovell RM, Ford AC (2012). "Effect of gender on prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in the community: systematic review and meta-analysis". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 107 (7): 991–1000. doi:10.1038/ajg.2012.131. PMID 22613905.
  23. ↑ Kennedy TM, Jones RH, Hungin AP, O'flanagan H, Kelly P (1998). "Irritable bowel syndrome, gastro-oesophageal reflux, and bronchial hyper-responsiveness in the general population". Gut. 43 (6): 770–4. PMC 1727355. PMID 9824603.
  24. ↑ Voci SC, Cramer KM (2009). "Gender-related traits, quality of life, and psychological adjustment among women with irritable bowel syndrome". Qual Life Res. 18 (9): 1169–76. doi:10.1007/s11136-009-9532-9. PMID 19728159.
  25. ↑ Quigley EM, Bytzer P, Jones R, Mearin F (2006). "Irritable bowel syndrome: the burden and unmet needs in Europe". Dig Liver Dis. 38 (10): 717–23. doi:10.1016/j.dld.2006.05.009. PMID 16807154.
  26. ↑ Manning AP, Thompson WG, Heaton KW, Morris AF (1978). "Towards positive diagnosis of the irritable bowel". Br Med J. 2 (6138): 653–4. PMC 1607467. PMID 698649.
  27. ↑ Jackson NA, Houghton LA, Whorwell PJ, Currer B (1994). "Does the menstrual cycle affect anorectal physiology?". Dig. Dis. Sci. 39 (12): 2607–11. PMID 7995186.
  28. ↑ Walker EA, Katon WJ, Roy-Byrne PP, Jemelka RP, Russo J (1993). "Histories of sexual victimization in patients with irritable bowel syndrome or inflammatory bowel disease". Am J Psychiatry. 150 (10): 1502–6. doi:10.1176/ajp.150.10.1502. PMID 8379554.
  29. ↑ Goffaux P, Michaud K, Gaudreau J, Chalaye P, Rainville P, Marchand S (2011). "Sex differences in perceived pain are affected by an anxious brain". Pain. 152 (9): 2065–73. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2011.05.002. PMID 21665365.
  30. ↑ Rajindrajith S, Devanarayana NM (2012). "Subtypes and Symptomatology of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: A School-based Survey Using Rome III Criteria". J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 18 (3): 298–304. doi:10.5056/jnm.2012.18.3.298. PMC 3400818. PMID 22837878.
  31. ↑ Dong L, Dingguo L, Xiaoxing X, Hanming L (2005). "An epidemiologic study of irritable bowel syndrome in adolescents and children in China: a school-based study". Pediatrics. 116 (3): e393–6. doi:10.1542/peds.2004-2764. PMID 16140684.
  32. ↑ Rasquin A, Di Lorenzo C, Forbes D, Guiraldes E, Hyams JS, Staiano A, Walker LS (2006). "Childhood functional gastrointestinal disorders: child/adolescent". Gastroenterology. 130 (5): 1527–37. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.08.063. PMID 16678566.
  33. ↑ Hyams JS, Treem WR, Justinich CJ, Davis P, Shoup M, Burke G (1995). "Characterization of symptoms in children with recurrent abdominal pain: resemblance to irritable bowel syndrome". J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 20 (2): 209–14. PMID 7714688.
  34. ↑ El-Matary W, Spray C, Sandhu B (2004). "Irritable bowel syndrome: the commonest cause of recurrent abdominal pain in children". Eur. J. Pediatr. 163 (10): 584–8. doi:10.1007/s00431-004-1503-0. PMID 15290263.
  35. ↑ Grodzinsky E, Hallert C, Faresjö T, Bergfors E, Faresjö AO (2012). "Could gastrointestinal disorders differ in two close but divergent social environments?". Int J Health Geogr. 11: 5. doi:10.1186/1476-072X-11-5. PMC 3330019. PMID 22309613.
  36. ↑ Cremonini F, Talley NJ (2005). "Irritable bowel syndrome: epidemiology, natural history, health care seeking and emerging risk factors". Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am. 34 (2): 189–204. doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2005.02.008. PMID 15862929.
  37. ↑ Hulshof KF, Brussaard JH, Kruizinga AG, Telman J, Löwik MR (2003). "Socio-economic status, dietary intake and 10 y trends: the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey". Eur J Clin Nutr. 57 (1): 128–37. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601503. PMID 12548307.
  38. ↑ Talley NJ, Phillips SF, Bruce B, Twomey CK, Zinsmeister AR, Melton LJ (1990). "Relation among personality and symptoms in nonulcer dyspepsia and the irritable bowel syndrome". Gastroenterology. 99 (2): 327–33. PMID 2365186.

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