Upper gastrointestinal bleeding classification: Difference between revisions
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==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
According to The American Gastroenterological Association, upper GI bleeding can be classified based on the rate of blood loss into overt(acute), occult or obscure(chronic) forms.<ref name="pmid12208839">{{cite journal |vauthors= |title=Non-variceal upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage: guidelines |journal=Gut |volume=51 Suppl 4 |issue= |pages=iv1–6 |year=2002 |pmid=12208839 |pmc=1867732 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23547576">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bull-Henry K, Al-Kawas FH |title=Evaluation of occult gastrointestinal bleeding |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=87 |issue=6 |pages=430–6 |year=2013 |pmid=23547576 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17983811">{{cite journal |vauthors=Raju GS, Gerson L, Das A, Lewis B |title=American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute medical position statement on obscure gastrointestinal bleeding |journal=Gastroenterology |volume=133 |issue=5 |pages=1694–6 |year=2007 |pmid=17983811 |doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2007.06.008 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10387941">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rockey DC |title=Occult gastrointestinal bleeding |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=341 |issue=1 |pages=38–46 |year=1999 |pmid=10387941 |doi=10.1056/NEJM199907013410107 |url=}}</ref> | |||
:*'''Overt GI bleeding''':- Overt GI bleeding is defined as acute bleeding which is visible and can present in the form of hematemesis, “coffee-ground” emesis, melena, or hematochezia.<br> | |||
:*'''Occult or chronic GI bleeding''':- Occult GI bleeding is defined as a microscopic hemorrhage which can present as Hemoccult-positive stools with or without iron deficiency anemia. It is the initial presentation in patients with no evidence of visible blood loos and is positive on fecal occult blood test(FOBT). | |||
:*'''Obscure GI bleeding''':- Obscure GI bleeding is defined as recurrent bleeding in which a source is not identified after upper endoscopy and colonoscopy. It can be either overt or occult. | |||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 19:17, 3 November 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
There is no established system for the classification of [disease name].
OR
[Disease name] may be classified according to [classification method] into [number] subtypes/groups: [group1], [group2], [group3], and [group4].
OR
[Disease name] may be classified into [large number > 6] subtypes based on [classification method 1], [classification method 2], and [classification method 3]. [Disease name] may be classified into several subtypes based on [classification method 1], [classification method 2], and [classification method 3].
OR
Based on the duration of symptoms, [disease name] may be classified as either acute or chronic.
OR
If the staging system involves specific and characteristic findings and features: According to the [staging system + reference], there are [number] stages of [malignancy name] based on the [finding1], [finding2], and [finding3]. Each stage is assigned a [letter/number1] and a [letter/number2] that designate the [feature1] and [feature2].
OR
The staging of [malignancy name] is based on the [staging system].
OR
There is no established system for the staging of [malignancy name].
Classification
According to The American Gastroenterological Association, upper GI bleeding can be classified based on the rate of blood loss into overt(acute), occult or obscure(chronic) forms.[1][2][3][4]
- Overt GI bleeding:- Overt GI bleeding is defined as acute bleeding which is visible and can present in the form of hematemesis, “coffee-ground” emesis, melena, or hematochezia.
- Occult or chronic GI bleeding:- Occult GI bleeding is defined as a microscopic hemorrhage which can present as Hemoccult-positive stools with or without iron deficiency anemia. It is the initial presentation in patients with no evidence of visible blood loos and is positive on fecal occult blood test(FOBT).
- Obscure GI bleeding:- Obscure GI bleeding is defined as recurrent bleeding in which a source is not identified after upper endoscopy and colonoscopy. It can be either overt or occult.
- Overt GI bleeding:- Overt GI bleeding is defined as acute bleeding which is visible and can present in the form of hematemesis, “coffee-ground” emesis, melena, or hematochezia.
References
- ↑ "Non-variceal upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage: guidelines". Gut. 51 Suppl 4: iv1–6. 2002. PMC 1867732. PMID 12208839.
- ↑ Bull-Henry K, Al-Kawas FH (2013). "Evaluation of occult gastrointestinal bleeding". Am Fam Physician. 87 (6): 430–6. PMID 23547576.
- ↑ Raju GS, Gerson L, Das A, Lewis B (2007). "American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute medical position statement on obscure gastrointestinal bleeding". Gastroenterology. 133 (5): 1694–6. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2007.06.008. PMID 17983811.
- ↑ Rockey DC (1999). "Occult gastrointestinal bleeding". N. Engl. J. Med. 341 (1): 38–46. doi:10.1056/NEJM199907013410107. PMID 10387941.