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{{Infobox_gene}}
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'''Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''GNB4'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid10644457">{{cite journal |vauthors=Downes GB, Gautam N | title = The G protein subunit gene families | journal = Genomics | volume = 62 | issue = 3 | pages = 544–52 |date=Mar 2000 | pmid = 10644457 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1006/geno.1999.5992 }}</ref><ref name="pmid11842130">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ruiz-Velasco V, Ikeda SR, Puhl HL | title = Cloning, tissue distribution, and functional expression of the human G protein beta 4-subunit | journal = Physiol Genomics | volume = 8 | issue = 1 | pages = 41–50 |date=Feb 2002 | pmid = 11842130 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00085.2001 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: GNB4 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 4| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=59345| accessdate = }}</ref>
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{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_GNB4_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1a0r.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1a0r}}, {{PDB2|1b9x}}, {{PDB2|1b9y}}, {{PDB2|1gg2}}, {{PDB2|1got}}, {{PDB2|1gp2}}, {{PDB2|1omw}}, {{PDB2|1tbg}}, {{PDB2|1xhm}}, {{PDB2|2bcj}}, {{PDB2|2trc}}
| Name = Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 4
| HGNCid = 20731
| Symbol = GNB4
| AltSymbols =;
| OMIM =
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 69140
| MGIid = 104581
  | Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004871 |text = signal transducer activity}}  
| Component =
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 59345
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000114450
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_067642
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_021629
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 3
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 180599696
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 180652065
    | Hs_Uniprot = Q9HAV0
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 14696
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000027669
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_013531
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_038559
    | Mm_GenLoc_db =   
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 3
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 32775075
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 32808084
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q3THF3
  }}
}}
'''Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 4''', also known as '''GNB4''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: GNB4 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 4| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=59345| accessdate = }}</ref>


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{{PBB_Summary
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| section_title =  
| section_title =  
| summary_text = Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins), which integrate signals between receptors and effector proteins, are composed of an alpha, a beta, and a gamma subunit. These subunits are encoded by families of related genes. This gene encodes a beta subunit. Beta subunits are important regulators of alpha subunits, as well as of certain signal transduction receptors and effectors.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: GNB4 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 4| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=59345| accessdate = }}</ref>
| summary_text = Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins), which integrate signals between receptors and effector proteins, are composed of an alpha, a beta, and a gamma subunit. These subunits are encoded by families of related genes. This gene encodes a beta subunit. Beta subunits are important regulators of alpha subunits, as well as of certain signal transduction receptors and effectors.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: GNB4 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 4| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=59345| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
}}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist}}
 
==Further reading==
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading  
{{PBB_Further_reading  
| citations =  
| citations =  
*{{cite journal  | author=Downes GB, Gautam N |title=The G protein subunit gene families. |journal=Genomics |volume=62 |issue= 3 |pages= 544-52 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10644457 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1999.5992 }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Pietruck F, Moritz A, Montemurro M |title=Selectively enhanced cellular signaling by Gi proteins in essential hypertension. G alpha i2, G alpha i3, G beta 1, and G beta 2 are not mutated. |journal=Circ. Res. |volume=79 |issue= 5 |pages= 974–83 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8888689 |doi=  10.1161/01.res.79.5.974|display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Pietruck F, Moritz A, Montemurro M, ''et al.'' |title=Selectively enhanced cellular signaling by Gi proteins in essential hypertension. G alpha i2, G alpha i3, G beta 1, and G beta 2 are not mutated. |journal=Circ. Res. |volume=79 |issue= 5 |pages= 974-83 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8888689 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Asano T, Morishita R, Ueda H, Kato K |title=Selective association of G protein beta(4) with gamma(5) and gamma(12) subunits in bovine tissues. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=274 |issue= 30 |pages= 21425–9 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10409705 |doi=10.1074/jbc.274.30.21425 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Asano T, Morishita R, Ueda H, Kato K |title=Selective association of G protein beta(4) with gamma(5) and gamma(12) subunits in bovine tissues. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=274 |issue= 30 |pages= 21425-9 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10409705 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Huang L, Shanker YG, Dubauskaite J |title=Ggamma13 colocalizes with gustducin in taste receptor cells and mediates IP3 responses to bitter denatonium. |journal=Nat. Neurosci. |volume=2 |issue= 12 |pages= 1055–62 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10570481 |doi= 10.1038/15981 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Huang L, Shanker YG, Dubauskaite J, ''et al.'' |title=Ggamma13 colocalizes with gustducin in taste receptor cells and mediates IP3 responses to bitter denatonium. |journal=Nat. Neurosci. |volume=2 |issue= 12 |pages= 1055-62 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10570481 |doi= 10.1038/15981 }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Evanko DS, Thiyagarajan MM, Siderovski DP, Wedegaertner PB |title=Gbeta gamma isoforms selectively rescue plasma membrane localization and palmitoylation of mutant Galphas and Galphaq. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=276 |issue= 26 |pages= 23945–53 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11294873 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M101154200 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Evanko DS, Thiyagarajan MM, Siderovski DP, Wedegaertner PB |title=Gbeta gamma isoforms selectively rescue plasma membrane localization and palmitoylation of mutant Galphas and Galphaq. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=276 |issue= 26 |pages= 23945-53 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11294873 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M101154200 }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Huang L, Max M, Margolskee RF |title=G protein subunit G gamma 13 is coexpressed with G alpha o, G beta 3, and G beta 4 in retinal ON bipolar cells. |journal=J. Comp. Neurol. |volume=455 |issue= 1 |pages= 1–10 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12454992 |doi= 10.1002/cne.10396 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Ruiz-Velasco V, Ikeda SR, Puhl HL |title=Cloning, tissue distribution, and functional expression of the human G protein beta 4-subunit. |journal=Physiol. Genomics |volume=8 |issue= 1 |pages= 41-50 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11842130 |doi= 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00085.2001 }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 | pmc=139241 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Huang L, Max M, Margolskee RF, ''et al.'' |title=G protein subunit G gamma 13 is coexpressed with G alpha o, G beta 3, and G beta 4 in retinal ON bipolar cells. |journal=J. Comp. Neurol. |volume=455 |issue= 1 |pages= 1-10 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12454992 |doi= 10.1002/cne.10396 }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Cuello F, Schulze RA, Heemeyer F |title=Activation of heterotrimeric G proteins by a high energy phosphate transfer via nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) B and Gbeta subunits. Complex formation of NDPK B with Gbeta gamma dimers and phosphorylation of His-266 IN Gbeta. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=278 |issue= 9 |pages= 7220–6 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12486123 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M210304200 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Sprague RS, Bowles EA, Olearczyk JJ |title=The role of G protein beta subunits in the release of ATP from human erythrocytes. |journal=J. Physiol. Pharmacol. |volume=53 |issue= 4 Pt 1 |pages= 667–74 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12512701 |doi=  |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Cuello F, Schulze RA, Heemeyer F, ''et al.'' |title=Activation of heterotrimeric G proteins by a high energy phosphate transfer via nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) B and Gbeta subunits. Complex formation of NDPK B with Gbeta gamma dimers and phosphorylation of His-266 IN Gbeta. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=278 |issue= 9 |pages= 7220-6 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12486123 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M210304200 }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Rosskopf D, Nikula C, Manthey I |title=The human G protein beta4 subunit: gene structure, expression, Ggamma and effector interaction. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=544 |issue= 1-3 |pages= 27–32 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12782285 |doi=10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00441-1 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Sprague RS, Bowles EA, Olearczyk JJ, ''et al.'' |title=The role of G protein beta subunits in the release of ATP from human erythrocytes. |journal=J. Physiol. Pharmacol. |volume=53 |issue= 4 Pt 1 |pages= 667-74 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12512701 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T |title=Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=36 |issue= 1 |pages= 40–5 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14702039 |doi= 10.1038/ng1285 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Rosskopf D, Nikula C, Manthey I, ''et al.'' |title=The human G protein beta4 subunit: gene structure, expression, Ggamma and effector interaction. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=544 |issue= 1-3 |pages= 27-32 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12782285 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121–7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 | pmc=528928 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, ''et al.'' |title=Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=36 |issue= 1 |pages= 40-5 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14702039 |doi= 10.1038/ng1285 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, ''et al.'' |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121-7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 }}
}}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


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{{PDB Gallery|geneid=59345}}
{{Intracellular signaling peptides and proteins}}
 
 
{{gene-3-stub}}

Latest revision as of 08:51, 31 August 2017

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

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Ensembl

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UniProt

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RefSeq (mRNA)

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNB4 gene.[1][2][3]

Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins), which integrate signals between receptors and effector proteins, are composed of an alpha, a beta, and a gamma subunit. These subunits are encoded by families of related genes. This gene encodes a beta subunit. Beta subunits are important regulators of alpha subunits, as well as of certain signal transduction receptors and effectors.[3]

References

  1. ↑ Downes GB, Gautam N (Mar 2000). "The G protein subunit gene families". Genomics. 62 (3): 544–52. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5992. PMID 10644457.
  2. ↑ Ruiz-Velasco V, Ikeda SR, Puhl HL (Feb 2002). "Cloning, tissue distribution, and functional expression of the human G protein beta 4-subunit". Physiol Genomics. 8 (1): 41–50. doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00085.2001. PMID 11842130.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Entrez Gene: GNB4 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 4".

Further reading



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