Esophageal cancer epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Esophageal cancer is the 6th leading cause of death from cancer and the 8th most common cancer in the world. The prevalence of esophageal cancer worldwide is about 3.5 per 100,000. In the United States, about 17000 new cases are diagnosed every year and 4. | Esophageal cancer is the 6th leading cause of death from cancer and the 8th most common cancer in the world. The prevalence of esophageal cancer worldwide is about 3.5 per 100,000. In the United States, about 17000 new cases are diagnosed every year and 4.2 per 100,000 Americans has esophageal cancer. Esophageal cancer is mostly present in the "Asian belt" region which includes, China, Japan, India and Iran. | ||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
===Incidence=== | ===Incidence=== | ||
*The incidence of esophageal cancer is approximately 3.5 per 100,000 individuals worldwide. | *The incidence of esophageal cancer is approximately 3.5 per 100,000 individuals worldwide. | ||
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===Prevalence=== | ===Prevalence=== | ||
*In 2014, the prevalence of esophageal cancer was estimated to be 7.25 cases per 100,000 individuals in the United States. | *In 2014, the prevalence of esophageal cancer was estimated to be 7.25 cases per 100,000 individuals in the United States. | ||
===Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate=== | ===Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate=== | ||
*Between 2010 -2014, the incidence of esophageal cancer in the United States | *Between 2010 - 2014, the incidence of esophageal cancer in the United States was approximately 4.2 per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate/mortality rate of 4.1 per 100,000 individuals. | ||
===Age=== | ===Age=== | ||
*The incidence of esophageal cancer increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is 50 years.<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref> | *The incidence of esophageal cancer increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is 50 years.<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref> | ||
*The age-adjusted incidence of invasive esophageal cancer worldwide by age category is: | *The age-adjusted incidence of invasive esophageal cancer worldwide by age category is: | ||
**Under 65 years: 1.8 per 100,000 | **Under 65 years: 1.8 per 100,000 | ||
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===Race=== | ===Race=== | ||
*Esophageal adenocarcinoma usually affects individuals of the Caucasian race | *Esophageal adenocarcinoma usually affects individuals of the Caucasian race.<ref name="pmid24039351">{{cite journal| author=Zhang Y| title=Epidemiology of esophageal cancer. | journal=World J Gastroenterol | year= 2013 | volume= 19 | issue= 34 | pages= 5598-606 | pmid=24039351 | doi=10.3748/wjg.v19.i34.5598 | pmc=PMC3769895 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref><ref name="pmid28055103">{{cite journal |vauthors=Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A |title=Cancer Statistics, 2017 |journal=CA Cancer J Clin |volume=67 |issue=1 |pages=7–30 |year=2017 |pmid=28055103 |doi=10.3322/caac.21387 |url=}}</ref>dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24039351 }} </ref> | ||
dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24039351 }} </ref> | *Black individuals are more likely to develop squamous cell carcinoma. | ||
* In the United States, 68.5% of | * In the United States, 68.5% of Caucasian subjects with esophageal cancer had [[adenocarcinoma]], whereas 80% of black individuals affected with esophageal cancer had [[squamous cell carcinoma]]. | ||
===Gender=== | ===Gender=== | ||
* | *Men are more commonly affected by esophageal cancer than women. The male to female ratio is approximately 4 to 1.<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref> | ||
===Region=== | ===Region=== | ||
*The majority of | *The majority of esophageal cancer cases are reported in in the area of the “Asian belt” which includes China, Japan, India, Iran, Turkey, among other Middle Eastern countries.<ref name="pmid23374478">{{cite journal| author=Pennathur A, Gibson MK, Jobe BA, Luketich JD| title=Oesophageal carcinoma. | journal=Lancet | year= 2013 | volume= 381 | issue= 9864 | pages= 400-12 | pmid=23374478 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60643-6 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23374478}}</ref> | ||
===Developing Countries vs. Developed Countries=== | |||
*Worldwide, the predominant type of esophageal cancer is [[squamous cell carcinoma]].<ref name="pmid24039351">{{cite journal| author=Zhang Y| title=Epidemiology of esophageal cancer. | journal=World J Gastroenterol | year= 2013 | volume= 19 | issue= 34 | pages= 5598-606 | pmid=24039351 | doi=10.3748/wjg.v19.i34.5598 | pmc=PMC3769895 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24039351}} </ref> | |||
*However, the rate of [[adenocarcinoma]] outnumbers [[squamous cell carcinoma]] in developed countries like the United States and some European countries. | |||
*Squamous cell carcinoma is predominant in developing countries. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 14:45, 21 December 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hadeel Maksoud M.D.[2]
Overview
Esophageal cancer is the 6th leading cause of death from cancer and the 8th most common cancer in the world. The prevalence of esophageal cancer worldwide is about 3.5 per 100,000. In the United States, about 17000 new cases are diagnosed every year and 4.2 per 100,000 Americans has esophageal cancer. Esophageal cancer is mostly present in the "Asian belt" region which includes, China, Japan, India and Iran.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- The incidence of esophageal cancer is approximately 3.5 per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
- The age-adjusted incidence of invasive esophageal cancer was 4.2 per 100,000 individuals in the United States.
- The American Cancer Society estimated that there are 16,960 new cases of esophageal cancer in the United States in 2017.
Prevalence
- In 2014, the prevalence of esophageal cancer was estimated to be 7.25 cases per 100,000 individuals in the United States.
Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate
- Between 2010 - 2014, the incidence of esophageal cancer in the United States was approximately 4.2 per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate/mortality rate of 4.1 per 100,000 individuals.
Age
- The incidence of esophageal cancer increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is 50 years.[1]
- The age-adjusted incidence of invasive esophageal cancer worldwide by age category is:
- Under 65 years: 1.8 per 100,000
- 65 and over: 22.5 per 100,000
Race
- Esophageal adenocarcinoma usually affects individuals of the Caucasian race.[2]dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24039351 }} </ref>
- Black individuals are more likely to develop squamous cell carcinoma.
- In the United States, 68.5% of Caucasian subjects with esophageal cancer had adenocarcinoma, whereas 80% of black individuals affected with esophageal cancer had squamous cell carcinoma.
Gender
- Men are more commonly affected by esophageal cancer than women. The male to female ratio is approximately 4 to 1.[1]
Region
- The majority of esophageal cancer cases are reported in in the area of the “Asian belt” which includes China, Japan, India, Iran, Turkey, among other Middle Eastern countries.[3]
Developing Countries vs. Developed Countries
- Worldwide, the predominant type of esophageal cancer is squamous cell carcinoma.[4]
- However, the rate of adenocarcinoma outnumbers squamous cell carcinoma in developed countries like the United States and some European countries.
- Squamous cell carcinoma is predominant in developing countries.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.
- ↑ Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A (2017). "Cancer Statistics, 2017". CA Cancer J Clin. 67 (1): 7–30. doi:10.3322/caac.21387. PMID 28055103.
- ↑ Pennathur A, Gibson MK, Jobe BA, Luketich JD (2013). "Oesophageal carcinoma". Lancet. 381 (9864): 400–12. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60643-6. PMID 23374478.
- ↑ Zhang Y (2013). "Epidemiology of esophageal cancer". World J Gastroenterol. 19 (34): 5598–606. doi:10.3748/wjg.v19.i34.5598. PMC 3769895. PMID 24039351.