Umbilical hernia pathophysiology: Difference between revisions

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==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist}}


[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]

Revision as of 16:08, 11 January 2018

Umbilical hernia Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hamid Qazi, MD, BSc [2]

Overview

Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of umbilical hernia is as follows:[1][2]

  • During fetal development, the abdominal wall is formed by four separate embryologic folds:
    • cephalic
    • caudal
    • right and left lateral
  • Each fold is composed of somatic and splanchnic layers.
    • The folds develop towards the anterior center portion of the coelomic cavity (i.e., the hollow, fluid-filled cavity lined by an epithelium derived from mesoderm in humans) and ultimately join to form a large umbilical ring that surrounds the following structures:
      • The two umbilical arteries
      • The umbilical vein
      • The yolk sac (i.e., omphalomesenteric duct)
    • These structures are enclosed by the outer layer of amnion. The entire unit, itself, comprises the umbilical cord.
  • During the time between fifth and tenth weeks of gestation, the intestinal tract undergoes rapid growth with protrusion of the abdominal content outside the abdominal cavity.
  • This is followed by a gradual re-entry of the abdominal cavity and then the ultimate narrowing of the umbilical ring which completes the process of abdominal wall formation as fetal development concludes.
  •  Weak fascia or failure to fully form the fascia may predispose the newborn to an umbilical hernia.

References

  1. "Hernia, Pediatric Umbilical - PubMed - NCBI".
  2. "Hernia, Umbilical - PubMed - NCBI".

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