Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis risk factors: Difference between revisions

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**Cigarette smoking:<ref name="pmid9001319">{{cite journal| author=Baumgartner KB, Samet JM, Stidley CA, Colby TV, Waldron JA| title=Cigarette smoking: a risk factor for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. | journal=Am J Respir Crit Care Med | year= 1997 | volume= 155 | issue= 1 | pages= 242-8 | pmid=9001319 | doi=10.1164/ajrccm.155.1.9001319 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9001319  }} </ref>
**Cigarette smoking:<ref name="pmid9001319">{{cite journal| author=Baumgartner KB, Samet JM, Stidley CA, Colby TV, Waldron JA| title=Cigarette smoking: a risk factor for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. | journal=Am J Respir Crit Care Med | year= 1997 | volume= 155 | issue= 1 | pages= 242-8 | pmid=9001319 | doi=10.1164/ajrccm.155.1.9001319 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9001319  }} </ref>
***Is the most important risk factor for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis even years after cessation
***Is the most important risk factor for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis even years after cessation
** Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD):
*** GERD
** Gene mutations:
** Gene mutations:
*** Genetic mutations showed increase risk in development of pulmonary fibrosis. Mutations include the following genes:<ref name="pmid29413083">{{cite journal| author=Wolters PJ, Blackwell TS, Eickelberg O, Loyd JE, Kaminski N, Jenkins G et al.| title=Time for a change: is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis still idiopathic and only fibrotic? | journal=Lancet Respir Med | year= 2018 | volume= 6 | issue= 2 | pages= 154-160 | pmid=29413083 | doi=10.1016/S2213-2600(18)30007-9 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29413083  }}</ref><ref name="ArmaniosChen2007">{{cite journal|last1=Armanios|first1=Mary Y.|last2=Chen|first2=Julian J.-L.|last3=Cogan|first3=Joy D.|last4=Alder|first4=Jonathan K.|last5=Ingersoll|first5=Roxann G.|last6=Markin|first6=Cheryl|last7=Lawson|first7=William E.|last8=Xie|first8=Mingyi|last9=Vulto|first9=Irma|last10=Phillips|first10=John A.|last11=Lansdorp|first11=Peter M.|last12=Greider|first12=Carol W.|last13=Loyd|first13=James E.|title=Telomerase Mutations in Families with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=356|issue=13|year=2007|pages=1317–1326|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa066157}}</ref><ref name="NothZhang2013">{{cite journal|last1=Noth|first1=Imre|last2=Zhang|first2=Yingze|last3=Ma|first3=Shwu-Fan|last4=Flores|first4=Carlos|last5=Barber|first5=Mathew|last6=Huang|first6=Yong|last7=Broderick|first7=Steven M|last8=Wade|first8=Michael S|last9=Hysi|first9=Pirro|last10=Scuirba|first10=Joseph|last11=Richards|first11=Thomas J|last12=Juan-Guardela|first12=Brenda M|last13=Vij|first13=Rekha|last14=Han|first14=MeiLan K|last15=Martinez|first15=Fernando J|last16=Kossen|first16=Karl|last17=Seiwert|first17=Scott D|last18=Christie|first18=Jason D|last19=Nicolae|first19=Dan|last20=Kaminski|first20=Naftali|last21=Garcia|first21=Joe GN|title=Genetic variants associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis susceptibility and mortality: a genome-wide association study|journal=The Lancet Respiratory Medicine|volume=1|issue=4|year=2013|pages=309–317|issn=22132600|doi=10.1016/S2213-2600(13)70045-6}}</ref>
*** Genetic mutations showed increase risk in development of pulmonary fibrosis. Mutations include the following genes:<ref name="pmid29413083">{{cite journal| author=Wolters PJ, Blackwell TS, Eickelberg O, Loyd JE, Kaminski N, Jenkins G et al.| title=Time for a change: is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis still idiopathic and only fibrotic? | journal=Lancet Respir Med | year= 2018 | volume= 6 | issue= 2 | pages= 154-160 | pmid=29413083 | doi=10.1016/S2213-2600(18)30007-9 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29413083  }}</ref><ref name="ArmaniosChen2007">{{cite journal|last1=Armanios|first1=Mary Y.|last2=Chen|first2=Julian J.-L.|last3=Cogan|first3=Joy D.|last4=Alder|first4=Jonathan K.|last5=Ingersoll|first5=Roxann G.|last6=Markin|first6=Cheryl|last7=Lawson|first7=William E.|last8=Xie|first8=Mingyi|last9=Vulto|first9=Irma|last10=Phillips|first10=John A.|last11=Lansdorp|first11=Peter M.|last12=Greider|first12=Carol W.|last13=Loyd|first13=James E.|title=Telomerase Mutations in Families with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=356|issue=13|year=2007|pages=1317–1326|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa066157}}</ref><ref name="NothZhang2013">{{cite journal|last1=Noth|first1=Imre|last2=Zhang|first2=Yingze|last3=Ma|first3=Shwu-Fan|last4=Flores|first4=Carlos|last5=Barber|first5=Mathew|last6=Huang|first6=Yong|last7=Broderick|first7=Steven M|last8=Wade|first8=Michael S|last9=Hysi|first9=Pirro|last10=Scuirba|first10=Joseph|last11=Richards|first11=Thomas J|last12=Juan-Guardela|first12=Brenda M|last13=Vij|first13=Rekha|last14=Han|first14=MeiLan K|last15=Martinez|first15=Fernando J|last16=Kossen|first16=Karl|last17=Seiwert|first17=Scott D|last18=Christie|first18=Jason D|last19=Nicolae|first19=Dan|last20=Kaminski|first20=Naftali|last21=Garcia|first21=Joe GN|title=Genetic variants associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis susceptibility and mortality: a genome-wide association study|journal=The Lancet Respiratory Medicine|volume=1|issue=4|year=2013|pages=309–317|issn=22132600|doi=10.1016/S2213-2600(13)70045-6}}</ref>
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**** ''SFTPA2''
**** ''SFTPA2''
**** ''ABCA3''
**** ''ABCA3''
*** Family history of members had interstitial lung fibrosis<ref name="pmid16109978">{{cite journal| author=Steele MP, Speer MC, Loyd JE, Brown KK, Herron A, Slifer SH et al.| title=Clinical and pathologic features of familial interstitial pneumonia. | journal=Am J Respir Crit Care Med | year= 2005 | volume= 172 | issue= 9 | pages= 1146-52 | pmid=16109978 | doi=10.1164/rccm.200408-1104OC | pmc=2718398 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16109978  }}</ref>
** Family history of members had interstitial lung fibrosis<ref name="pmid16109978">{{cite journal| author=Steele MP, Speer MC, Loyd JE, Brown KK, Herron A, Slifer SH et al.| title=Clinical and pathologic features of familial interstitial pneumonia. | journal=Am J Respir Crit Care Med | year= 2005 | volume= 172 | issue= 9 | pages= 1146-52 | pmid=16109978 | doi=10.1164/rccm.200408-1104OC | pmc=2718398 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16109978  }}</ref>
 
=== Less common risk factors ===
* Less common risk factors of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis include the following:
** Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD):<ref name="pmid9847271">{{cite journal| author=Tobin RW, Pope CE, Pellegrini CA, Emond MJ, Sillery J, Raghu G| title=Increased prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. | journal=Am J Respir Crit Care Med | year= 1998 | volume= 158 | issue= 6 | pages= 1804-8 | pmid=9847271 | doi=10.1164/ajrccm.158.6.9804105 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9847271  }}</ref>
*** GERD and aspiration can be considered as risk factor for development of pulmonary fibrosis 
** Wood dust 
** Viral infections like herpes virus infection and Ebstien barr virus<ref name="LawsonCrossno2008">{{cite journal|last1=Lawson|first1=William E.|last2=Crossno|first2=Peter F.|last3=Polosukhin|first3=Vasiliy V.|last4=Roldan|first4=Juan|last5=Cheng|first5=Dong-Sheng|last6=Lane|first6=Kirk B.|last7=Blackwell|first7=Thomas R.|last8=Xu|first8=Carol|last9=Markin|first9=Cheryl|last10=Ware|first10=Lorraine B.|last11=Miller|first11=Geraldine G.|last12=Loyd|first12=James E.|last13=Blackwell|first13=Timothy S.|title=Endoplasmic reticulum stress in alveolar epithelial cells is prominent in IPF: association with altered surfactant protein processing and herpesvirus infection|journal=American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology|volume=294|issue=6|year=2008|pages=L1119–L1126|issn=1040-0605|doi=10.1152/ajplung.00382.2007}}</ref>  


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 19:13, 13 February 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2]

Overview

Risk Factors

Common risk factors

  • Common risk factors of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis include the following:
    • Cigarette smoking:[1]
      • Is the most important risk factor for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis even years after cessation
    • Gene mutations:
      • Genetic mutations showed increase risk in development of pulmonary fibrosis. Mutations include the following genes:[2][3][4]
        • hTERT and hTR
        • MUC5B
        • TERT  
        • TERC  
        • RTEL1  
        • PARN  
        • DKC1 
        • TINF2  
        • SFTPC
        • SFTPA2
        • ABCA3
    • Family history of members had interstitial lung fibrosis[5]

Less common risk factors

  • Less common risk factors of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis include the following:
    • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD):[6]
      • GERD and aspiration can be considered as risk factor for development of pulmonary fibrosis
    • Wood dust
    • Viral infections like herpes virus infection and Ebstien barr virus[7]

References

  1. Baumgartner KB, Samet JM, Stidley CA, Colby TV, Waldron JA (1997). "Cigarette smoking: a risk factor for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis". Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 155 (1): 242–8. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.155.1.9001319. PMID 9001319.
  2. Wolters PJ, Blackwell TS, Eickelberg O, Loyd JE, Kaminski N, Jenkins G; et al. (2018). "Time for a change: is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis still idiopathic and only fibrotic?". Lancet Respir Med. 6 (2): 154–160. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(18)30007-9. PMID 29413083.
  3. Armanios, Mary Y.; Chen, Julian J.-L.; Cogan, Joy D.; Alder, Jonathan K.; Ingersoll, Roxann G.; Markin, Cheryl; Lawson, William E.; Xie, Mingyi; Vulto, Irma; Phillips, John A.; Lansdorp, Peter M.; Greider, Carol W.; Loyd, James E. (2007). "Telomerase Mutations in Families with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis". New England Journal of Medicine. 356 (13): 1317–1326. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa066157. ISSN 0028-4793.
  4. Noth, Imre; Zhang, Yingze; Ma, Shwu-Fan; Flores, Carlos; Barber, Mathew; Huang, Yong; Broderick, Steven M; Wade, Michael S; Hysi, Pirro; Scuirba, Joseph; Richards, Thomas J; Juan-Guardela, Brenda M; Vij, Rekha; Han, MeiLan K; Martinez, Fernando J; Kossen, Karl; Seiwert, Scott D; Christie, Jason D; Nicolae, Dan; Kaminski, Naftali; Garcia, Joe GN (2013). "Genetic variants associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis susceptibility and mortality: a genome-wide association study". The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 1 (4): 309–317. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(13)70045-6. ISSN 2213-2600.
  5. Steele MP, Speer MC, Loyd JE, Brown KK, Herron A, Slifer SH; et al. (2005). "Clinical and pathologic features of familial interstitial pneumonia". Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 172 (9): 1146–52. doi:10.1164/rccm.200408-1104OC. PMC 2718398. PMID 16109978.
  6. Tobin RW, Pope CE, Pellegrini CA, Emond MJ, Sillery J, Raghu G (1998). "Increased prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis". Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 158 (6): 1804–8. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.158.6.9804105. PMID 9847271.
  7. Lawson, William E.; Crossno, Peter F.; Polosukhin, Vasiliy V.; Roldan, Juan; Cheng, Dong-Sheng; Lane, Kirk B.; Blackwell, Thomas R.; Xu, Carol; Markin, Cheryl; Ware, Lorraine B.; Miller, Geraldine G.; Loyd, James E.; Blackwell, Timothy S. (2008). "Endoplasmic reticulum stress in alveolar epithelial cells is prominent in IPF: association with altered surfactant protein processing and herpesvirus infection". American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology. 294 (6): L1119–L1126. doi:10.1152/ajplung.00382.2007. ISSN 1040-0605.

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