Pulmonary edema physical examination

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farnaz Khalighinejad, MD [2]

Physical Examination

Differentiation of cardiogenic pulmonary edema and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema

Clinical examination
Cardiogenic pulmonary edema	Low flow state=cool periphery	S3 gallop/cardiomegaly	Jugular venous distention	Crackles(wet)
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema	High flow state=warm periphery	No gallop	No jugular venous distention	Crackles(dry)

Appearance of the Patient

• Anxious
• Decrease in level of alertness (consciousness)
• Inability to speak in full sentences

HEENT

• Nasal flaring

Lungs

• End-inspiratory crackles (sounds heard at the end of a deep breath)

Heart

• A third heart sound (S3) may be present