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| ==Other Diagnostic Studies== | | ==Other Diagnostic Studies== |
| Other diagnostic studies for evaluating the spread of Pancoast tumor include bone scintigraphy, [[PET scan]], molecular tests and biopsy. | | Other diagnostic studies for evaluating the spread of Pancoast tumor include molecular tests and biopsy. |
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| ===Bone Scintigraphy===
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| A bone scan may demonstrate bone metastases.
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| ===PET scan===
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| *[[Fluorodeoxyglucose|FDG]](18 F fluoro deoxyglucose) [[Positron emission tomography|PET scans]] along with [[contrast enhanced CT]] may be helpful in the diagnosis of extent of lung cancer. Findings on FDGPET/CT suggestive of lung cancer include:<ref name="PurandareRangarajan2015">{{cite journal|last1=Purandare|first1=NilenduC|last2=Rangarajan|first2=Venkatesh|title=Imaging of lung cancer: Implications on staging and management|journal=Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging|volume=25|issue=2|year=2015|pages=109|issn=0971-3026|doi=10.4103/0971-3026.155831}}</ref>
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| **Solitary pulmonary nodule
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| *Benefits of FDGPET/CT include:<ref name="van BaardwijkBaumert2006">{{cite journal|last1=van Baardwijk|first1=Angela|last2=Baumert|first2=Brigitta G.|last3=Bosmans|first3=Geert|last4=van Kroonenburgh|first4=Marinus|last5=Stroobants|first5=Sigrid|last6=Gregoire|first6=Vincent|last7=Lambin|first7=Philippe|last8=De Ruysscher|first8=Dirk|title=The current status of FDG–PET in tumour volume definition in radiotherapy treatment planning|journal=Cancer Treatment Reviews|volume=32|issue=4|year=2006|pages=245–260|issn=03057372|doi=10.1016/j.ctrv.2006.02.002}}</ref>
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| **Accurate delineation of the viable tumor from surrounding [[atelectasis]] and [[Collapsed lung|collapse]] or [[Consolidation (medicine)|consolidation]].
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| **It may further lead to a change in staging and treatment options of the lung cancer.
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| **Provide guidance for the [[biopsy]].<ref name="PurandareKulkarni2013">{{cite journal|last1=Purandare|first1=Nilendu C.|last2=Kulkarni|first2=Aniruddha V.|last3=Kulkarni|first3=Suyash S.|last4=Roy|first4=Diptiman|last5=Agrawal|first5=Archi|last6=Shah|first6=Sneha|last7=Rangarajan|first7=Venkatesh|title=18F-FDG PET/CT-directed biopsy|journal=Nuclear Medicine Communications|volume=34|issue=3|year=2013|pages=203–210|issn=0143-3636|doi=10.1097/MNM.0b013e32835c5a57}}</ref>
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |[[Image:IJRI-25-109-g006.jpg|thumb|300px|Role of FDG PET/CT in primary tumor delineation. Irregular soft tissue opacity seen on coronal CT scan (arrow, A) with no obvious demarcation between the tumor and surrounding consolidation. PET/CT shows the FDG-avid tumor (arrow, B) separate from the non–FDG-avid consolidation (arrowhead, B),via <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4419420/figure/F6/><ref name="PurandareRangarajan2015">{{cite journal|last1=Purandare|first1=NilenduC|last2=Rangarajan|first2=Venkatesh|title=Imaging of lung cancer: Implications on staging and management|journal=Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging|volume=25|issue=2|year=2015|pages=109|issn=0971-3026|doi=10.4103/0971-3026.155831}}</ref>]]
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| ===Molecular Test=== | | ===Molecular Test=== |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mazia Fatima, MBBS [2]
Overveiw
Other diagnostic studies for evaluating the spread of Pancoast tumor include bone scintigraphy, PET scan, molecular tests and biopsy.
Other Diagnostic Studies
Other diagnostic studies for evaluating the spread of Pancoast tumor include molecular tests and biopsy.
Molecular Test
Molecular tests include epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutation. Specific targeted agents may be administered to patients if these mutations are present.
A transthoracic needle biopsy and a bronchoscopy are conducted to diagnose lung cancer.
Biopsy
A transthoracic needle biopsy, guided by CT or fluoroscopy, is for pancoast tumors located in the periphery of the lungs since peripheral tumors are not accessible through a bronchoscope.
References
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