Oral cancer other diagnostic studies: Difference between revisions
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{{CMG}}{{AE}}{{Simrat}}, {{SSW}} | {{CMG}}{{AE}}{{Simrat}}, {{SSW}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Biopsy of the tumor tissue is diagnostic of oral cancer. Other diagnostic studies for oral cancer include [[endoscopy]], indirect pharyngoscopy, [[laryngoscopy]], exfoliative [[cytology]], [[barium swallow]], [[chest x-ray]] and [[bone scan]]. | Biopsy of the [[tumor]] [[Tissue (biology)|tissue]] is [[diagnostic]] of oral cancer. Other [[Diagnostic|diagnostic studies]] for oral cancer include [[endoscopy]], indirect pharyngoscopy, [[laryngoscopy]], exfoliative [[cytology]], [[barium swallow]], [[chest x-ray]] and [[bone scan]]. | ||
==Oral Cancer Other Diagnostic Studies== | ==Oral Cancer Other Diagnostic Studies== | ||
===Biopsy=== | ===Biopsy=== | ||
* Only a biopsy can give a definitive oral cancer | * Only a [[biopsy]] can give a definitive [[diagnosis]] of oral cancer. | ||
* The types of biopsies typically used for diagnosing oral cancers are: | * The types of [[biopsies]] typically used for [[Diagnosis|diagnosing]] oral cancers are:<ref name="pmid17633153">{{cite journal |vauthors=Calabrese L, Bruschini R, Ansarin M, Giugliano G, De Cicco C, Ionna F, Paganelli G, Maffini F, Werner JA, Soutar D |title=Role of sentinel lymph node biopsy in oral cancer |journal=Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital |volume=26 |issue=6 |pages=345–9 |date=December 2006 |pmid=17633153 |pmc=2639993 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
**Incisional [[biopsy]] | **Incisional [[biopsy]] | ||
**[[Fine needle aspiration]] (FNA) | **[[Fine needle aspiration]] ([[Needle aspiration biopsy|FNA]]) | ||
**[[Sentinel lymph node]] [[biopsy]] | |||
===Endoscopy=== | ===Endoscopy=== | ||
* [[Endoscopy]] is used to examine areas inside the body for the diagnosis, staging and treatment of cancer. Endoscopy is used to: | * [[Endoscopy]] is used to examine areas inside the body for the diagnosis, staging and treatment of cancer. [[Endoscopy]] is used to: | ||
**Detect cancer at an early stage | **Detect [[cancer]] at an early stage | ||
**Diagnose a oral cancer | **[[Diagnose]] a oral cancer | ||
**Take [[biopsies]] | **Take [[biopsies]] | ||
**Locate and remove cancerous (or pre-cancerous) tissue | **Locate and remove [[cancerous]] (or pre-[[cancerous]]) [[Tissue (biology)|tissue]] | ||
**Determine if cancer has spread | **Determine if [[cancer]] has spread | ||
===Indirect | ===Indirect pharyngoscopy and laryngoscopy === | ||
* Indirect pharyngoscopy and | * Indirect pharyngoscopy and [[laryngoscopy]] to check for any signs of oral cancer and to examin the back of [[throat]] | ||
* People diagnosed with oral cancer are also at increased risk for other head and neck cancers, so a doctor will | * People [[Diagnosis|diagnosed]] with oral cancer are also at increased risk for other [[head and neck cancers]], so a doctor will examin the [[nasopharynx]] | ||
===Exfoliative cytology=== | ===Exfoliative cytology=== | ||
* Exfoliative [[cytology]] may be used for diagnosis of oral cancer but some cancers may be missed, or may be confused with abnormal non-cancerous cells. | * Exfoliative [[cytology]] may be used for [[diagnosis]] of oral cancer but some [[cancers]] may be missed, or may be confused with abnormal non-[[cancerous]] [[Cell (biology)|cells]]. | ||
===Barium swallow=== | ===Barium swallow=== | ||
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===HPV testing=== | ===HPV testing=== | ||
* For cancers of the throat, biopsy samples are often tested to see if [[HPV]] infection is present. | * For [[cancers]] of the [[throat]], [[biopsy]] samples are often tested to see if [[HPV]] infection is present. | ||
* This information can help predict the probable course of the cancer, as people whose cancers are linked to HPV tend to do better than those whose cancers are not. | * This information can help predict the probable course of the [[cancer]], as people whose [[cancers]] are linked to [[Human papillomavirus|HPV]] tend to do better than those whose cancers are not. | ||
===Bone scan=== | ===Bone scan=== | ||
* Bone scan may be done to check if there are rapidly dividing cells, such as cancer cells, in the bone. | * [[Bone scan]] may be done to check if there are rapidly dividing [[Cell (biology)|cells]], such as [[cancer]] [[Cells (biology)|cells]], in the [[bone]]. | ||
===Dental Exam=== | ===Dental Exam=== | ||
Revision as of 16:24, 23 February 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Simrat Sarai, M.D. [2], Sargun Singh Walia M.B.B.S.[3]
Overview
Biopsy of the tumor tissue is diagnostic of oral cancer. Other diagnostic studies for oral cancer include endoscopy, indirect pharyngoscopy, laryngoscopy, exfoliative cytology, barium swallow, chest x-ray and bone scan.
Oral Cancer Other Diagnostic Studies
Biopsy
- Only a biopsy can give a definitive diagnosis of oral cancer.
- The types of biopsies typically used for diagnosing oral cancers are:[1]
- Incisional biopsy
- Fine needle aspiration (FNA)
- Sentinel lymph node biopsy
Endoscopy
- Endoscopy is used to examine areas inside the body for the diagnosis, staging and treatment of cancer. Endoscopy is used to:
Indirect pharyngoscopy and laryngoscopy
- Indirect pharyngoscopy and laryngoscopy to check for any signs of oral cancer and to examin the back of throat
- People diagnosed with oral cancer are also at increased risk for other head and neck cancers, so a doctor will examin the nasopharynx
Exfoliative cytology
- Exfoliative cytology may be used for diagnosis of oral cancer but some cancers may be missed, or may be confused with abnormal non-cancerous cells.
Barium swallow
- A barium swallow test may show any irregularities in the larynx, pharynx, mouth and surrounding areas, and can detect small, early oral tumors.
HPV testing
- For cancers of the throat, biopsy samples are often tested to see if HPV infection is present.
- This information can help predict the probable course of the cancer, as people whose cancers are linked to HPV tend to do better than those whose cancers are not.
Bone scan
- Bone scan may be done to check if there are rapidly dividing cells, such as cancer cells, in the bone.
Dental Exam
- If radiation is part of the treatment plan for oral cancer, a dental exam beforehand by a prosthodontist is usually recommended.