Multiple sclerosis risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==== smoking ==== | ==== smoking ==== | ||
various studies showed that smoking, beside cardiovascular disease and cancer, can be a risk factor of multiple sclerosis.<ref name="pmid14581676" /> | various studies showed that smoking, beside cardiovascular disease and cancer, can be a risk factor of multiple sclerosis.<ref name="pmid14581676" /><ref name="pmid11427406">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hernán MA, Olek MJ, Ascherio A |title=Cigarette smoking and incidence of multiple sclerosis |journal=Am. J. Epidemiol. |volume=154 |issue=1 |pages=69–74 |date=July 2001 |pmid=11427406 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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Overview
Risk Factors
Common environmental risk factors in the development of multiple sclerosis are smoking[1], occupational exposures and toxins, physical environment and stress.[2]
smoking
various studies showed that smoking, beside cardiovascular disease and cancer, can be a risk factor of multiple sclerosis.[1][3]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Riise T, Nortvedt MW, Ascherio A (October 2003). "Smoking is a risk factor for multiple sclerosis". Neurology. 61 (8): 1122–4. PMID 14581676.
- ↑ Coo H, Aronson KJ (2004). "A systematic review of several potential non-genetic risk factors for multiple sclerosis". Neuroepidemiology. 23 (1–2): 1–12. doi:10.1159/000073969. PMID 14739563.
- ↑ Hernán MA, Olek MJ, Ascherio A (July 2001). "Cigarette smoking and incidence of multiple sclerosis". Am. J. Epidemiol. 154 (1): 69–74. PMID 11427406.