Multiple sclerosis risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
Common environmental risk factors in the development of multiple sclerosis are smoking<ref name="pmid14581676">{{cite journal |vauthors=Riise T, Nortvedt MW, Ascherio A |title=Smoking is a risk factor for multiple sclerosis |journal=Neurology |volume=61 |issue=8 |pages=1122–4 |date=October 2003 |pmid=14581676 |doi= |url=}}</ref>, genetic<ref name="pmid3376997" />, occupational exposures and toxins, physical environment and stress.<ref name="pmid14739563">{{cite journal |vauthors=Coo H, Aronson KJ |title=A systematic review of several potential non-genetic risk factors for multiple sclerosis |journal=Neuroepidemiology |volume=23 |issue=1-2 |pages=1–12 |year=2004 |pmid=14739563 |doi=10.1159/000073969 |url=}}</ref> | Common environmental risk factors in the development of multiple sclerosis are smoking<ref name="pmid14581676">{{cite journal |vauthors=Riise T, Nortvedt MW, Ascherio A |title=Smoking is a risk factor for multiple sclerosis |journal=Neurology |volume=61 |issue=8 |pages=1122–4 |date=October 2003 |pmid=14581676 |doi= |url=}}</ref>, genetic<ref name="pmid3376997" />, ethnic<ref name="pmid573402" />, occupational exposures and toxins, physical environment and stress.<ref name="pmid14739563">{{cite journal |vauthors=Coo H, Aronson KJ |title=A systematic review of several potential non-genetic risk factors for multiple sclerosis |journal=Neuroepidemiology |volume=23 |issue=1-2 |pages=1–12 |year=2004 |pmid=14739563 |doi=10.1159/000073969 |url=}}</ref> | ||
==== smoking ==== | ==== smoking ==== | ||
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==== ethnic ==== | ==== ethnic ==== | ||
[[MS]] prevalence is lower in African Americans, Mexicans, Japanese, Chinese and Filipinos people rather than white men.<ref name="pmid573402">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kurtzke JF, Beebe GW, Norman JE |title=Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in U.S. veterans: 1. Race, sex, and geographic distribution |journal=Neurology |volume=29 |issue=9 Pt 1 |pages=1228–35 |date=September 1979 |pmid=573402 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | [[MS]] prevalence is lower in African Americans, Mexicans, Japanese, Chinese and Filipinos people rather than white men.<ref name="pmid573402">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kurtzke JF, Beebe GW, Norman JE |title=Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in U.S. veterans: 1. Race, sex, and geographic distribution |journal=Neurology |volume=29 |issue=9 Pt 1 |pages=1228–35 |date=September 1979 |pmid=573402 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
==== sex ==== | |||
Prevalence of [[MS]] disease is higher in female. This can be [[hormone]] related or more susceptibility to environmental risk factors. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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Overview
Risk Factors
Common environmental risk factors in the development of multiple sclerosis are smoking[1], genetic[2], ethnic[3], occupational exposures and toxins, physical environment and stress.[4]
smoking
various studies showed that smoking, beside cardiovascular diseases and cancer, can be a risk factor of multiple sclerosis.[1][5]
Genetic
Some studies demonstrate that MS has a strong genetic base. The first degree family of a MS patient is at 10-25 times greater risk than normal population, so genetically susceptible people are more likely to developed MS disease.[6][2]
ethnic
MS prevalence is lower in African Americans, Mexicans, Japanese, Chinese and Filipinos people rather than white men.[3]
sex
Prevalence of MS disease is higher in female. This can be hormone related or more susceptibility to environmental risk factors.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Riise T, Nortvedt MW, Ascherio A (October 2003). "Smoking is a risk factor for multiple sclerosis". Neurology. 61 (8): 1122–4. PMID 14581676.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Sadovnick AD, Baird PA, Ward RH (March 1988). "Multiple sclerosis: updated risks for relatives". Am. J. Med. Genet. 29 (3): 533–41. doi:10.1002/ajmg.1320290310. PMID 3376997.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Kurtzke JF, Beebe GW, Norman JE (September 1979). "Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in U.S. veterans: 1. Race, sex, and geographic distribution". Neurology. 29 (9 Pt 1): 1228–35. PMID 573402.
- ↑ Coo H, Aronson KJ (2004). "A systematic review of several potential non-genetic risk factors for multiple sclerosis". Neuroepidemiology. 23 (1–2): 1–12. doi:10.1159/000073969. PMID 14739563.
- ↑ Hernán MA, Olek MJ, Ascherio A (July 2001). "Cigarette smoking and incidence of multiple sclerosis". Am. J. Epidemiol. 154 (1): 69–74. PMID 11427406.
- ↑ Robertson NP, Fraser M, Deans J, Clayton D, Walker N, Compston DA (April 1996). "Age-adjusted recurrence risks for relatives of patients with multiple sclerosis". Brain. 119 ( Pt 2): 449–55. PMID 8800940.