Hemothorax causes: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
No edit summary
Line 4: Line 4:


==Overview==
==Overview==
Haemothorax  may be caused by trauma or can be spontaneous and iatrogenous. Causes of traumatic haemothorax include blunt force injuries ,penetrating thoracic injuries, and thoracoabdominal injuries. Causes of spontaneous haemothorax include vascular disorders, malignancies, connective tissue disorders, gynecological disorders Hematological disorders, and miscellaneous pathological entities. Haemothorax can also be a complication of various iatrogenically'''-'''related procedures.


==Causes==
==Causes==
Line 14: Line 15:


=== Spontaneous or non-traumatic haemothorax ===
=== Spontaneous or non-traumatic haemothorax ===
Spontaneous haemothorax is a rare clinical condition in the absence of trauma or [[iatrogenic]] causes. Bilateral spontaneous haemothorax is a very rare entity and the main cause of it, is primary or metastatic pleural [[angiosarcoma]].
Spontaneous haemothorax is a rare clinical condition in the absence of trauma or [[iatrogenic]] causes. Bilateral spontaneous haemothorax is a very rare entity and the main cause of it, is primary or metastatic pleural [[angiosarcoma]]. Causes of spontaneous haemothorax include:
* Vascular disorders causing spontaneous hemothroax  include [[aortic aneurysm]] rupture, rupture of thoracic [[aortic dissection]] - dissection is due to arterial hypertension followed by [[atherosclerosis]] -, rupture of a [[Saccular aneurysm|saccular aortic aneurysm]] and traumatic rupture of the [[pericardial]] sac during [[cardiopulmonary resuscitation]] in individuals with [[hemopericardium]], fatal spontaneous dissection of supra-aortic vessels without any evidence of aortic disease during pregnancy and early [[puerperium]], bronchial artery aneurysm rupture, aneurysmatic internal thoracic artery, intercostal vessels, internal mammary artery aneurysm, or pulmonary congenital aberrant vessels, ruptured [[Mycotic aneurysm|mycotic aneurysms]], [[Innominate artery|innominate]] truncal dissection, using neck veins for mainlining and rupture of a [[subclavian artery]] aneurysm, pulmonary [[arteriovenous malformation]]<nowiki/>s (AVMs), fatal and non-fatal AVM-associated massive hemothorax is often linked to Osler–Weber–Rendu disease, associated with congenital heart disease such as rupture of a [[Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)|patent ductus arteriosus]], [[Eisenmenger's syndrome|Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[aortic coarctation]] and [[bicuspid aortic valve]] disease.
* Vascular disorders causing spontaneous hemothroax  include [[aortic aneurysm]] rupture, rupture of thoracic [[aortic dissection]] - dissection is due to arterial hypertension followed by [[atherosclerosis]] -, rupture of a [[Saccular aneurysm|saccular aortic aneurysm]] and traumatic rupture of the [[pericardial]] sac during [[cardiopulmonary resuscitation]] in individuals with [[hemopericardium]], fatal spontaneous dissection of supra-aortic vessels without any evidence of aortic disease during pregnancy and early [[puerperium]], bronchial artery aneurysm rupture, aneurysmatic internal thoracic artery, intercostal vessels, internal mammary artery aneurysm, or pulmonary congenital aberrant vessels, ruptured [[Mycotic aneurysm|mycotic aneurysms]], [[Innominate artery|innominate]] truncal dissection, using neck veins for mainlining and rupture of a [[subclavian artery]] aneurysm, pulmonary [[arteriovenous malformation]]<nowiki/>s (AVMs), fatal and non-fatal AVM-associated massive hemothorax is often linked to Osler–Weber–Rendu disease, associated with congenital heart disease such as rupture of a [[Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)|patent ductus arteriosus]], [[Eisenmenger's syndrome|Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[aortic coarctation]] and [[bicuspid aortic valve]] disease.



Revision as of 08:28, 16 March 2018

Hemothorax Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Hemothorax from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

CT

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Hemothorax causes On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Hemothorax causes

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Hemothorax causes

CDC on Hemothorax causes

Hemothorax causes in the news

Blogs on Hemothorax causes

Directions to Hospitals Treating Hemothorax

Risk calculators and risk factors for Hemothorax causes

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Haemothorax may be caused by trauma or can be spontaneous and iatrogenous. Causes of traumatic haemothorax include blunt force injuries ,penetrating thoracic injuries, and thoracoabdominal injuries. Causes of spontaneous haemothorax include vascular disorders, malignancies, connective tissue disorders, gynecological disorders Hematological disorders, and miscellaneous pathological entities. Haemothorax can also be a complication of various iatrogenically-related procedures.

Causes

Traumatic haemothorax

Chest trauma are of three types:

Spontaneous or non-traumatic haemothorax

Spontaneous haemothorax is a rare clinical condition in the absence of trauma or iatrogenic causes. Bilateral spontaneous haemothorax is a very rare entity and the main cause of it, is primary or metastatic pleural angiosarcoma. Causes of spontaneous haemothorax include:

  • Connective tissue disorders causing spontaneous hemothroax include Vascular Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (Ehlers–Danlos type IV, EDS IV), Marfan syndrome, Loeys–Dietz syndrome, familial thoracic aortic aneurysm syndrome, Shprintzen–Goldberg syndrome and Type I neurofibromatosis (NF-1) or Von recklinghausen disease (VRD).
  • Pleural disorders causing spontaneous hemothroax include spontaneous pneumothorax, spontaneous pneumohemothorax (the accumulation of >400 mL of blood in the pleural cavity in association with spontaneous pneumothorax) and pleural metastasis.
  • Costal exostoses or osteochondroma occurs either sporadically or as a manifestation of a genetic disorder known as hereditary multiple exostoses (HME). Lesions mainly occur in infants and children and their complications include haemothorax, pneumothorax, diaphragmatic or pericardial lacerations and visceral pleural injury.
  • Gynecological disorders causing spontaneous hemothroax include Intrathoracic implantation of ectopic endometrial tissue occurs as a result of migration of endometrial tissue through the diaphragm. Spontaneous haemothorax may be a response to cyclical hormonal changes in menstruating women.

Iatrogenous haemothorax

Iatrogenous haemothorax may be caused by either intrathoracic vessel cannulation, chest drain insertion, needle thoracocentesis, pleural or lung biopsies, closed-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation, placement of subclavian- or jugular-catheters, endoscopic thoracic interventions, cardiopulmonary surgery, sclerotherapy of oesophageal varices, rupture of pulmonary arteries after placement of Schwann–Ganz catheters, thoracic sympathectomy or translumbar aortography. surgical procedures such as releasing the pleurae from the vertebrae, or the removal and curettage of intervertebral discs and cartilage end plates.

References

Template:WH Template:WS