Osteoarthritis risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==== Gender ==== | ==== Gender ==== | ||
knee, hip, and hand osteoarthritis are higher in women than men. Also, it has been reported that the frequency of osteoarthritis in women and men are 68% and 58% respectively. And it has been reported that women have a greater levels of pain and disability. | |||
==== Age ==== | ==== Age ==== | ||
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==== Genetics ==== | ==== Genetics ==== | ||
Its been showed that genetic factors play important roles in developing of osteoarthritis. genetic factors are responsible for osteoarthritis in nearly 70%of cases. For example, osteocalcin, as a marker of bone turnover, decreases in women after their menopause which consequently women after menopause are more susceptible to knee arthritis. | Its been showed that genetic factors play important roles in developing of osteoarthritis. genetic factors are responsible for osteoarthritis in nearly 70%of cases. | ||
Strong evidence from family clustering and twin studies indicates that the risk of OA has an inherited component. Classic twin studies have shown that the influence of genetic factors is between 39% and 65% in radiographic OA of the hand and knee in women, about 60% in OA of the hip, and about 70% in OA of the spine.<sup>26</sup> Although specific genes have been identified, the individual effects are relatively small; for example, Kerkhof et al<sup>27</sup>reported a genome-wide association study showing that the C allele of rs3815148 on chromosome 7q22 was associated with a 1.14-fold increased prevalence of knee and/or hand OA and also with a 30% increased risk of knee OA progression. | |||
The incidence of is higher in women than men and in women it increases dramatically around the time of menopause. The latter finding has led investigators to hypothesize that hormonal factors may play a role in the development of OA, but the results of clinical and epidemiologic studies have not universally corroborated this.<sup>20-22</sup> A recent systematic review of 17 studies found that there was no clear association between sex hormones and hand, knee, or hip OA in women, although single analysis of the studies was not possible due to study heterogeneity.<sup>23</sup> | |||
For example, osteocalcin, as a marker of bone turnover, decreases in women after their menopause which consequently women after menopause are more susceptible to knee arthritis. | |||
==== Diet ==== | ==== Diet ==== | ||
Revision as of 06:35, 29 March 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Risk Factors
Osteoarthritis is a multifactorial disease and the interactions between systemic and local factors play important role in development and prognosis of OA.
Systemic risk factors for Osteoarthritis
Gender
knee, hip, and hand osteoarthritis are higher in women than men. Also, it has been reported that the frequency of osteoarthritis in women and men are 68% and 58% respectively. And it has been reported that women have a greater levels of pain and disability.
Age
Age plays an important roll in development of osteoarthritis. The correlation between age and the occurrence of OA is complex. Higher age through oxidative damage, thinning of cartilage, muscle weakening, reduces the basic cellular mechanisms that maintain tissue homeostasis which leads to an insufficient response to stress or joint injury, demolition of joint tissue destruction. Higher age leads to decreasing in the tensile property of cartilage in articular cartilage in accumulation of glycation consequently it can cause mechanical failure
Genetics
Its been showed that genetic factors play important roles in developing of osteoarthritis. genetic factors are responsible for osteoarthritis in nearly 70%of cases.
Strong evidence from family clustering and twin studies indicates that the risk of OA has an inherited component. Classic twin studies have shown that the influence of genetic factors is between 39% and 65% in radiographic OA of the hand and knee in women, about 60% in OA of the hip, and about 70% in OA of the spine.26 Although specific genes have been identified, the individual effects are relatively small; for example, Kerkhof et al27reported a genome-wide association study showing that the C allele of rs3815148 on chromosome 7q22 was associated with a 1.14-fold increased prevalence of knee and/or hand OA and also with a 30% increased risk of knee OA progression.
The incidence of is higher in women than men and in women it increases dramatically around the time of menopause. The latter finding has led investigators to hypothesize that hormonal factors may play a role in the development of OA, but the results of clinical and epidemiologic studies have not universally corroborated this.20-22 A recent systematic review of 17 studies found that there was no clear association between sex hormones and hand, knee, or hip OA in women, although single analysis of the studies was not possible due to study heterogeneity.23
For example, osteocalcin, as a marker of bone turnover, decreases in women after their menopause which consequently women after menopause are more susceptible to knee arthritis.
Diet
Using unrefined carbohydrates and Junk foods in daily diet increase the chance of chronic diseases. Meanwhile, chondrocytes as an important and powerful origin of reactive oxygen species (ROC). chondrocytes can damage cartilage collagen and synovial fluid hyaluronate. Meanwhile, micronutrients antioxidants, by providing defense against tissue injuries, are helpful to protect against osteoarthritis.
Local risk factors for Osteoarthritis
Physical activity
Doing heavy sports such as Karate, kung fu, and gymnastic could increase the risk of Knee injury.
Trauma and injury to Joint
Articular cartilage bears pressures from daily physical activities. Joints injuries and trauma the cartilage can influence their flexibility, eliminate cellular system and consequently decrease the subchondral loading capablity.
Obesity
Higher body mass index (BMI) shows to have a positive association with knee OA.
Occupation
Occupation facing with heavy loads and having stress activities have the strong association between knee injury and osteoarthritis.
- Aging
- Obesity
- Trauma or surgery of joint
- Diabetes
- Other types of arthritis, such as gout or rheumatoid arthritis
- Congenital abnormalities