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* [[Sarcoidosis]] commonly involves patients between 20 and 60 years of age<ref>Judson MA, Boan AD, Lackland DT: The clinical course of sarcoidosis: presentation, diagnosis, and treatment in a large white and black cohort in the United States. Sarcoidosis, vasculitis, and diffuse lung diseases : official journal of WASOG 2012, 29(2):119-127.</ref>. Lung is the most common organ involved by [[sarcoidosis]], but up to 30% of patients present with [[extrapulmonary sarcoidosis]]<ref>Ungprasert P, Carmona EM, Utz JP, Ryu JH, Crowson CS, Matteson EL: Epidemiology of Sarcoidosis 1946-2013: A Population-Based Study. Mayo Clinic proceedings 2016, 91(2):183-188.</ref><ref>Baughman RP, Teirstein AS, Judson MA, Rossman MD, Yeager H, Jr., Bresnitz EA, DePalo L, Hunninghake G, Iannuzzi MC, Johns CJ et al: Clinical characteristics of patients in a case control study of sarcoidosis. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 2001, 164(10 Pt 1):1885-1889.</ref>. [[Pulmonary sarcoidosis]] commonly presents with [[cough]], [[dyspnea]], [[chest pain]], and infrequently [[fatigue]], [[malaise]], [[fever]], and [[weight loss]]<ref>Sharma OP: Fatigue and sarcoidosis. The European respiratory journal 1999, 13(4):713-714.</ref>. | * [[Sarcoidosis]] commonly involves patients between 20 and 60 years of age<ref>Judson MA, Boan AD, Lackland DT: The clinical course of sarcoidosis: presentation, diagnosis, and treatment in a large white and black cohort in the United States. Sarcoidosis, vasculitis, and diffuse lung diseases : official journal of WASOG 2012, 29(2):119-127.</ref>. Lung is the most common organ involved by [[sarcoidosis]], but up to 30% of patients present with [[extrapulmonary sarcoidosis]]<ref>Ungprasert P, Carmona EM, Utz JP, Ryu JH, Crowson CS, Matteson EL: Epidemiology of Sarcoidosis 1946-2013: A Population-Based Study. Mayo Clinic proceedings 2016, 91(2):183-188.</ref><ref>Baughman RP, Teirstein AS, Judson MA, Rossman MD, Yeager H, Jr., Bresnitz EA, DePalo L, Hunninghake G, Iannuzzi MC, Johns CJ et al: Clinical characteristics of patients in a case control study of sarcoidosis. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 2001, 164(10 Pt 1):1885-1889.</ref>. [[Pulmonary sarcoidosis]] commonly presents with [[cough]], [[dyspnea]], [[chest pain]], and infrequently [[fatigue]], [[malaise]], [[fever]], and [[weight loss]]<ref>Sharma OP: Fatigue and sarcoidosis. The European respiratory journal 1999, 13(4):713-714.</ref>. | ||
* Young children can present with [[skin rash]], [[arthritis]], [[uveitis]], and [[erythema nodosum]], without a predominant lung involvement<ref>Pattishall EN, Kendig EL, Jr.: Sarcoidosis in children. Pediatric pulmonology 1996, 22(3):195-203.</ref><ref>Milman N, Hoffmann AL: Childhood sarcoidosis: long-term follow-up. The European respiratory journal 2008, 31(3):592-598.</ref> | * Young children can present with [[skin rash]], [[arthritis]], [[uveitis]], and [[erythema nodosum]], without a predominant lung involvement<ref>Pattishall EN, Kendig EL, Jr.: Sarcoidosis in children. Pediatric pulmonology 1996, 22(3):195-203.</ref><ref>Milman N, Hoffmann AL: Childhood sarcoidosis: long-term follow-up. The European respiratory journal 2008, 31(3):592-598.</ref> | ||
===Cutaneous Sarcoidosis=== | ===Cutaneous Sarcoidosis=== | ||
in 25% of the patients diagnosed with [[sarcoidosis]], cutaneous involvement is seen<ref>Roberts SD, Mirowski GW, Wilkes D, Kwo PY, Knox KS: Sarcoidosis. Part II: extrapulmonary and systemic manifestations. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2004, 51(4):628-630.</ref>. The most common patterns of involvement is: papular, nodular, [[plaque-like]], [[lupus pernio]], [[erythema nodosum]], subcutaneous sarcoidosis. See cutaneous manifestations of [[sarcoidosis]] in physical exam for more detail. | in 25% of the patients diagnosed with [[sarcoidosis]], cutaneous involvement is seen<ref>Roberts SD, Mirowski GW, Wilkes D, Kwo PY, Knox KS: Sarcoidosis. Part II: extrapulmonary and systemic manifestations. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2004, 51(4):628-630.</ref>. The most common patterns of involvement is: papular, nodular, [[plaque-like]], [[lupus pernio]], [[erythema nodosum]], subcutaneous sarcoidosis. See cutaneous manifestations of [[sarcoidosis]] in physical exam for more detail. | ||
===Ocular Sarcoidosis=== | |||
in 25% of the patients diagnosed with [[sarcoidosis]], ocular involvement is seen<ref>Jamilloux Y, Kodjikian L, Broussolle C, Seve P: Sarcoidosis and uveitis. Autoimmunity reviews 2014, 13(8):840-849.</ref>. [[Sarcoidosis]] involves the [[orbit]], [[anterior segment]], [[posterior segment]], [[conjunctiva]], [[lacrimal glands]], and [[extraocular muscles]]. the usual symptoms include [[dry eye]], [[blurred vision]], [[photophobia]], [[red eye]], and pain<ref>Evans M, Sharma O, LaBree L, Smith RE, Rao NA: Differences in clinical findings between Caucasians and African Americans with biopsy-proven sarcoidosis. Ophthalmology 2007, 114(2):325-333</ref><ref>Birnbaum AD, French DD, Mirsaeidi M, Wehrli S: Sarcoidosis in the national veteran population: association of ocular inflammation and mortality. Ophthalmology 2015, 122(5):934-938.</ref> . | |||
*Intraocular sarcoidosis: these include anterior, intermediate, and posterior [[uveitis]]. Typical symptoms of anterior [[uveitis]] are pain and redness perticularly at the junction between [[cornea]] and [[sclera]] ([[limbus]]), while posterior and/or intermediate [[uveitis]] causes no symptom or [[floaters]]. | |||
*extraocular orbital sarcoidosis: involvement of [[lacrimal glands]], [[conjunctiva]], [[extraocular muscles]], [[optic nerve]] and palpable mass. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Roshan Dinparasti Saleh M.D.
Overview
History and Symptoms
Pulmonary Sarcoidosis
- Sarcoidosis commonly involves patients between 20 and 60 years of age[1]. Lung is the most common organ involved by sarcoidosis, but up to 30% of patients present with extrapulmonary sarcoidosis[2][3]. Pulmonary sarcoidosis commonly presents with cough, dyspnea, chest pain, and infrequently fatigue, malaise, fever, and weight loss[4].
- Young children can present with skin rash, arthritis, uveitis, and erythema nodosum, without a predominant lung involvement[5][6]
Cutaneous Sarcoidosis
in 25% of the patients diagnosed with sarcoidosis, cutaneous involvement is seen[7]. The most common patterns of involvement is: papular, nodular, plaque-like, lupus pernio, erythema nodosum, subcutaneous sarcoidosis. See cutaneous manifestations of sarcoidosis in physical exam for more detail.
Ocular Sarcoidosis
in 25% of the patients diagnosed with sarcoidosis, ocular involvement is seen[8]. Sarcoidosis involves the orbit, anterior segment, posterior segment, conjunctiva, lacrimal glands, and extraocular muscles. the usual symptoms include dry eye, blurred vision, photophobia, red eye, and pain[9][10] .
- Intraocular sarcoidosis: these include anterior, intermediate, and posterior uveitis. Typical symptoms of anterior uveitis are pain and redness perticularly at the junction between cornea and sclera (limbus), while posterior and/or intermediate uveitis causes no symptom or floaters.
- extraocular orbital sarcoidosis: involvement of lacrimal glands, conjunctiva, extraocular muscles, optic nerve and palpable mass.
References
- ↑ Judson MA, Boan AD, Lackland DT: The clinical course of sarcoidosis: presentation, diagnosis, and treatment in a large white and black cohort in the United States. Sarcoidosis, vasculitis, and diffuse lung diseases : official journal of WASOG 2012, 29(2):119-127.
- ↑ Ungprasert P, Carmona EM, Utz JP, Ryu JH, Crowson CS, Matteson EL: Epidemiology of Sarcoidosis 1946-2013: A Population-Based Study. Mayo Clinic proceedings 2016, 91(2):183-188.
- ↑ Baughman RP, Teirstein AS, Judson MA, Rossman MD, Yeager H, Jr., Bresnitz EA, DePalo L, Hunninghake G, Iannuzzi MC, Johns CJ et al: Clinical characteristics of patients in a case control study of sarcoidosis. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 2001, 164(10 Pt 1):1885-1889.
- ↑ Sharma OP: Fatigue and sarcoidosis. The European respiratory journal 1999, 13(4):713-714.
- ↑ Pattishall EN, Kendig EL, Jr.: Sarcoidosis in children. Pediatric pulmonology 1996, 22(3):195-203.
- ↑ Milman N, Hoffmann AL: Childhood sarcoidosis: long-term follow-up. The European respiratory journal 2008, 31(3):592-598.
- ↑ Roberts SD, Mirowski GW, Wilkes D, Kwo PY, Knox KS: Sarcoidosis. Part II: extrapulmonary and systemic manifestations. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2004, 51(4):628-630.
- ↑ Jamilloux Y, Kodjikian L, Broussolle C, Seve P: Sarcoidosis and uveitis. Autoimmunity reviews 2014, 13(8):840-849.
- ↑ Evans M, Sharma O, LaBree L, Smith RE, Rao NA: Differences in clinical findings between Caucasians and African Americans with biopsy-proven sarcoidosis. Ophthalmology 2007, 114(2):325-333
- ↑ Birnbaum AD, French DD, Mirsaeidi M, Wehrli S: Sarcoidosis in the national veteran population: association of ocular inflammation and mortality. Ophthalmology 2015, 122(5):934-938.