Antiphospholipid syndrome risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The most common risk factors of antiphospholipid syndrome risk factors are history of autoimmune diseases like SLE, | The most common risk factors of antiphospholipid syndrome risk factors are history of autoimmune diseases like SLE, sjogren's syndrome, infections- cytomegalovirus, human immunodeficiency virus, parvovirus B-19, hepatitis C virus, lyme's disease, syphilis, E.coli, leptospirosis, medications such as hydralazine, quinidine, phenytoin, and amoxicillin, family history- antiphospholipid syndrome is common in patients with a family history of antiphospholipid syndrome. | ||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
The risk factors associated with antiphospholipid syndrome(APS) are as follows:<ref name="pmid20822807">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ruiz-Irastorza G, Crowther M, Branch W, Khamashta MA |title=Antiphospholipid syndrome |journal=Lancet |volume=376 |issue=9751 |pages=1498–509 |date=October 2010 |pmid=20822807 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60709-X |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22510982">{{cite journal |vauthors=Willis R, Harris EN, Pierangeli SS |title=Pathogenesis of the antiphospholipid syndrome |journal=Semin. Thromb. Hemost. |volume=38 |issue=4 |pages=305–21 |date=June 2012 |pmid=22510982 |doi=10.1055/s-0032-1311827 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24129681">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gris JC, Brenner B |title=Antiphospholipid antibodies: neuropsychiatric presentations |journal=Semin. Thromb. Hemost. |volume=39 |issue=8 |pages=935–42 |date=November 2013 |pmid=24129681 |doi=10.1055/s-0033-1357488 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25228741">{{cite journal |vauthors=Koike T |title=My contribution, my dream - a look at the future of APS |journal=Lupus |volume=23 |issue=12 |pages=1332–4 |date=October 2014 |pmid=25228741 |doi=10.1177/0961203314534306 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24642799">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sciascia S, Cuadrado MJ, Khamashta M, Roccatello D |title=Renal involvement in antiphospholipid syndrome |journal=Nat Rev Nephrol |volume=10 |issue=5 |pages=279–89 |date=May 2014 |pmid=24642799 |doi=10.1038/nrneph.2014.38 |url=}}</ref> | The risk factors associated with antiphospholipid syndrome(APS) are as follows:<ref name="pmid20822807">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ruiz-Irastorza G, Crowther M, Branch W, Khamashta MA |title=Antiphospholipid syndrome |journal=Lancet |volume=376 |issue=9751 |pages=1498–509 |date=October 2010 |pmid=20822807 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60709-X |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22510982">{{cite journal |vauthors=Willis R, Harris EN, Pierangeli SS |title=Pathogenesis of the antiphospholipid syndrome |journal=Semin. Thromb. Hemost. |volume=38 |issue=4 |pages=305–21 |date=June 2012 |pmid=22510982 |doi=10.1055/s-0032-1311827 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24129681">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gris JC, Brenner B |title=Antiphospholipid antibodies: neuropsychiatric presentations |journal=Semin. Thromb. Hemost. |volume=39 |issue=8 |pages=935–42 |date=November 2013 |pmid=24129681 |doi=10.1055/s-0033-1357488 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25228741">{{cite journal |vauthors=Koike T |title=My contribution, my dream - a look at the future of APS |journal=Lupus |volume=23 |issue=12 |pages=1332–4 |date=October 2014 |pmid=25228741 |doi=10.1177/0961203314534306 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24642799">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sciascia S, Cuadrado MJ, Khamashta M, Roccatello D |title=Renal involvement in antiphospholipid syndrome |journal=Nat Rev Nephrol |volume=10 |issue=5 |pages=279–89 |date=May 2014 |pmid=24642799 |doi=10.1038/nrneph.2014.38 |url=}}</ref> | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Feham Tariq, MD [2]
Overview
The most common risk factors of antiphospholipid syndrome risk factors are history of autoimmune diseases like SLE, sjogren's syndrome, infections- cytomegalovirus, human immunodeficiency virus, parvovirus B-19, hepatitis C virus, lyme's disease, syphilis, E.coli, leptospirosis, medications such as hydralazine, quinidine, phenytoin, and amoxicillin, family history- antiphospholipid syndrome is common in patients with a family history of antiphospholipid syndrome.
Risk Factors
The risk factors associated with antiphospholipid syndrome(APS) are as follows:[1][2][3][4][5]
Common risk factors
- History of autoimmune disease:
- SLE
- Sjogren's syndrome
- Infections:
- Cytomegalovirus
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus
- Parvovirus B-19
- Hepatitis C Virus
- Lymes
- Syphilis
- E.coli
- Leptospirosis.
- Drugs:
- Hydralazine
- Quinidine
- Phenytoin
- Amoxicillin
- Family history: Antiphospholipid syndrome is common in patients with a family history of antiphospholipid syndrome.
Less common risk factors:
- Pregnancy
- Obesity
- Hypertension
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Recent surgery
- Tobacco Smoking
- Oral contraceptives
- Estrogen therapy
- Hyperlipidemias
- Cancer
References
- ↑ Ruiz-Irastorza G, Crowther M, Branch W, Khamashta MA (October 2010). "Antiphospholipid syndrome". Lancet. 376 (9751): 1498–509. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60709-X. PMID 20822807.
- ↑ Willis R, Harris EN, Pierangeli SS (June 2012). "Pathogenesis of the antiphospholipid syndrome". Semin. Thromb. Hemost. 38 (4): 305–21. doi:10.1055/s-0032-1311827. PMID 22510982.
- ↑ Gris JC, Brenner B (November 2013). "Antiphospholipid antibodies: neuropsychiatric presentations". Semin. Thromb. Hemost. 39 (8): 935–42. doi:10.1055/s-0033-1357488. PMID 24129681.
- ↑ Koike T (October 2014). "My contribution, my dream - a look at the future of APS". Lupus. 23 (12): 1332–4. doi:10.1177/0961203314534306. PMID 25228741.
- ↑ Sciascia S, Cuadrado MJ, Khamashta M, Roccatello D (May 2014). "Renal involvement in antiphospholipid syndrome". Nat Rev Nephrol. 10 (5): 279–89. doi:10.1038/nrneph.2014.38. PMID 24642799.