Polyarthritis with morning stiffness: Difference between revisions

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{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{EG}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{EG}}
 
<small>
{| align="center" style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;"
{| align="center" style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;"
! colspan="3" rowspan="4" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Diseases
! colspan="3" rowspan="4" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Diseases
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! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Other
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Other
|-
|-
! rowspan="21" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Polyarthritis
! rowspan="5" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Polyarthritis
! rowspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Infectious arthritis]]
! rowspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Other [[Seronegative spondyloarthritis|seronegative spondyloarthritides]]'''
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Lyme disease]]<ref name="pmid25999227">{{cite journal| author=Lantos PM| title=Chronic Lyme disease. | journal=Infect Dis Clin North Am | year= 2015 | volume= 29 | issue= 2 | pages= 325-40 | pmid=25999227 | doi=10.1016/j.idc.2015.02.006 | pmc=4477530 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25999227  }}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Erythema migrans]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Leukopenia]], [[Thrombocytopenia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cell counts 500-98,000/µL
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Microscopic hematuria]], [[Proteinuria]], ↑[[ALT]] or [[AST]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Fibrosis]] of the deeper [[dermis]] and hyalinization of collagen bundles
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Serological testing|Serologic '''tests''']]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Erythema migrans]]
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Bacterial endocarditis]]<ref name="pmid28630844">{{cite journal| author=Soor P, Sharma N, Rao C| title=Multifocal Septic Arthritis Secondary to Infective Endocarditis: A Rare Case Report. | journal=J Orthop Case Rep | year= 2017 | volume= 7 | issue= 1 | pages= 65-68 | pmid=28630844 | doi=10.13107/jocr.2250-0685.692 | pmc=5458702 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28630844  }}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Janeway lesions]], [[Osler nodes]], [[Roth spot|Roth spots]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Normochromic anemia|Normochromic-normocytic anemia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑[[WBC]], [[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]] in culture
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Hypergammaglobulinemia|Hyperglobulinemia]], [[Cryoglobulinemia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Erosion (dental)|Joint erosion]] and effusion
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Vegetation (pathology)|Vegetation]] or [[Abscess|intracardiac abscess]] demonstrating active [[endocarditis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Echocardiography]] ([[TTE]])
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Vertebral osteomyelitis]]
|-
! rowspan="3" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Reactive arthritis|Postinfectious (reactive) arthritis]]'''
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Rheumatic fever]]<ref name="pmid23703332">{{cite journal| author=Kumar RK, Tandon R| title=Rheumatic fever & rheumatic heart disease: the last 50 years. | journal=Indian J Med Res | year= 2013 | volume= 137 | issue= 4 | pages= 643-58 | pmid=23703332 | doi= | pmc=3724245 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23703332  }}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Erythema marginatum|Erythema marginatum rheumaticum]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Leukocytosis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Sterile inflammatory reaction with cells<20,000/μL
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anti-streptolysin O titer|Streptococcal antibody titer]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Cardiomegaly]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Valvular Diseases|Valvular]] or [[pericardial calcification]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Echocardiography|Echocardiographic]] changes in heart valves
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Edema]], [[Fibrinoid necrosis]], [[Mononuclear cell|Mononuclear cell infiltrate]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Echocardiography]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Chorea, Carditis 
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Reactive arthritis]]<ref name="pmid15084505">{{cite journal| author=Colmegna I, Cuchacovich R, Espinoza LR| title=HLA-B27-associated reactive arthritis: pathogenetic and clinical considerations. | journal=Clin Microbiol Rev | year= 2004 | volume= 17 | issue= 2 | pages= 348-69 | pmid=15084505 | doi= | pmc=387405 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15084505  }}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Genital]] [[ulceration]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Normocytic normochromic anemia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | High [[WBC]] count (10,000-40,000/µL)
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | [[HLA-B27|HLA-B27 test]] 
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Periosteal reaction]] and proliferation of [[Enthesitis|tendon insertion site]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Sacroiliitis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Enthesitis]] in [[ultrasonography]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Keratoderma blennorrhagica|Keratoderma blennorrhagicum]],  [[Balanitis circinata]] 
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | [[Spondyloarthritis]] and unequivocal demonstration of preceding infection
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Conjunctivitis]], [[Uveitis]]
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Enteric Bacilli|Enteric infection]]<ref name="Hill Gaston2003">{{cite journal|last1=Hill Gaston|first1=J|title=Arthritis associated with enteric infection|journal=Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology|volume=17|issue=2|year=2003|pages=219–239|issn=15216942|doi=10.1016/S1521-6942(02)00104-3}}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Keratoderma]] and psoriaform lesions, [[Erythema nodosum]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Neutrophilia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[PCR]] of causative [[organism]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Stool examination|Stool exam]] and [[Stool culture|culture]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Neutrophilic myelocyte|Neutrophilic]] infiltration in [[synovial]] tissues
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[PCR]] of causative [[organism]] in [[synovial fluid]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Diarrhea]], [[Enthesopathy]]
|-
! rowspan="3" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Other [[Seronegative spondyloarthritis|seronegative spondyloarthritides]]'''
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Ankylosing spondylitis]]<ref name="pmid16974012">{{cite journal| author=McVeigh CM, Cairns AP| title=Diagnosis and management of ankylosing spondylitis. | journal=BMJ | year= 2006 | volume= 333 | issue= 7568 | pages= 581-5 | pmid=16974012 | doi=10.1136/bmj.38954.689583.DE | pmc=1570004 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16974012  }}</ref>
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Ankylosing spondylitis]]<ref name="pmid16974012">{{cite journal| author=McVeigh CM, Cairns AP| title=Diagnosis and management of ankylosing spondylitis. | journal=BMJ | year= 2006 | volume= 333 | issue= 7568 | pages= 581-5 | pmid=16974012 | doi=10.1136/bmj.38954.689583.DE | pmc=1570004 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16974012  }}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
Line 149: Line 52:
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[X-rays|Plain x-rays]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[X-rays|Plain x-rays]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Peripheral [[enthesitis]], [[Uveitis]] 
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Peripheral [[enthesitis]], [[Uveitis]] 
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Psoriatic arthritis]]<ref name="pmid23493653">{{cite journal| author=Sankowski AJ, Lebkowska UM, Cwikła J, Walecka I, Walecki J| title=Psoriatic arthritis. | journal=Pol J Radiol | year= 2013 | volume= 78 | issue= 1 | pages= 7-17 | pmid=23493653 | doi=10.12659/PJR.883763 | pmc=3596149 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23493653  }}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Scaly [[Erythematous rash|erythematous plaques]],
[[Guttate psoriasis|Guttate lesions]], Lakes of [[pus]],
[[Erythroderma]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |High [[WBC]] count (5000-15,000/µL) with >50% of [[PMN|PMN leukocytes]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑[[RF]], [[ANA]], [[IgA]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Joint]]-space narrowing, [[Periostitis|Fluffy periostitis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Pencil-in-cup deformity, Early signs of [[synovitis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Synovitis|Sacroiliitic synovitis]], [[Enthesitis]] in [[MRI]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Lack of intrasynovial [[Immunoglobulin A|Ig]] and [[RF]], Greater propensity for [[Ankylosis|fibrous ankylosis]], [[Osseous|osseous resorption]], and [[Heterotopic ossification|heterotopic bone formation]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical findings
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Onycholysis]], [[Splinter hemorrhage|Splinter hemorrhages]]
|-
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<ref name="pmid22933865">{{cite journal| author=Orchard TR| title=Management of arthritis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. | journal=Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) | year= 2012 | volume= 8 | issue= 5 | pages= 327-9 | pmid=22933865 | doi= | pmc=3424429 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22933865  }}</ref>
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<ref name="pmid22933865">{{cite journal| author=Orchard TR| title=Management of arthritis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. | journal=Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) | year= 2012 | volume= 8 | issue= 5 | pages= 327-9 | pmid=22933865 | doi= | pmc=3424429 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22933865  }}</ref>
Line 211: Line 91:
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Rheumatoid nodules]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Rheumatoid nodules]]
|-
|-
! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Crystal arthritis|Crystal-induced arthritis]]'''<ref name="pmid62879632">{{cite journal |vauthors=Reginato A, Paul H, Schumacher HR |title=Crystal-induced arthritis |journal=Arch Phys Med Rehabil |volume=63 |issue=9 |pages=401–8 |date=September 1982 |pmid=6287963 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Systemic [[Rheumatic disease|rheumatic illnesses]]'''
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Joint [[erythema]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Leukocytosis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Needle shaped [[urate]] crystals, [[WBC]] count > 2000/µL
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Urinary [[uric acid]] (>1100 mg in 24h)
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Punched-out erosions or [[lytic]] areas with overhanging edges 
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Complementary for recognizing [[Erosion (dental)|erosions]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Tophus|Tophi]] or [[edema]] in [[MRI]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Large pale pink acellular areas ([[Uric acid|urate crystals]]), surrounded by [[histiocytes]] and [[multinucleated giant cells]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Synovial fluid]] assay
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Conjunctival|Conjunctival nodules]]
|-
! rowspan="7" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Systemic [[Rheumatic disease|rheumatic illnesses]]'''
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]<ref name="pmid16722594">{{cite journal| author=Manson JJ, Rahman A| title=Systemic lupus erythematosus. | journal=Orphanet J Rare Dis | year= 2006 | volume= 1 | issue=  | pages= 6 | pmid=16722594 | doi=10.1186/1750-1172-1-6 | pmc=1459118 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16722594  }}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Malar rash]], [[Photosensitivity]], [[Discoid lupus]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Leukopenia]], [[Lymphopenia]], [[Anemia]], [[Thrombocytopenia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cell count from < 25% [[PMNs]] (non-[[inflammatory]] effusions) to > 50% [[PMNs]] ([[inflammatory]] effusions)
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Creatine kinase]], [[Liver function tests|LFT]], [[ANA]], [[Anti-dsDNA antibody|Anti-dsDNA]], [[Anti-SM antibody|Anti-Sm]], [[Lupus anticoagulant]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Periarticular [[osteopenia]] and [[Soft tissue injury|soft-tissue swelling]] without [[Erosion (dental)|erosions]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Interstitial lung disease]], [[Pneumonitis]], [[Pulmonary emboli]], [[Alveolar Cyst Disease|Alveolar hemorrhage]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Pericardial effusion]], [[Pulmonary hypertension]], [[Libman-Sacks endocarditis|Verrucous Libman-Sacks endocarditis]] in [[echocardiography]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Inflammatory]] infiltrates at the dermoepidermal junction and vacuolar change in the basal [[Columnar epithelium|columnar cells]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anti-dsDNA antibody|Anti-dsDNA]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Rheumatoid arthritis]], [[Serositis]], [[Oral ulcers]]
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Systemic vasculitis]]<ref name="pmid27964796">{{cite journal |vauthors=Watts RA, Scott DG |title=Vasculitis and inflammatory arthritis |journal=Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol |volume=30 |issue=5 |pages=916–931 |date=October 2016 |pmid=27964796 |doi=10.1016/j.berh.2016.10.008 |url=}}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Petechia]], [[Purpura]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anemia]], [[Thrombocytosis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[P-ANCA]], [[C-ANCA]][[ANA|, ANA]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Soft tissue pathology|Soft tissue swelling]] with mild [[Erosion (dental)|erosions]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Focal regions of [[infarction]] or [[hemorrhage]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Multiple [[Aneurysm|microaneurysms]],[[Hemorrhage]] due to focal [[rupture]], [[Occlusion]] in [[angiography]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Acute destruction of the [[Tunica media|media]] by [[neutrophils]], with loss of [[elastic fibers]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Angiography]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Peripheral neuropathy]], [[Livedo reticularis]]
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Systemic sclerosis]]<ref name="AvouacClements2012">{{cite journal|last1=Avouac|first1=J.|last2=Clements|first2=P. J.|last3=Khanna|first3=D.|last4=Furst|first4=D. E.|last5=Allanore|first5=Y.|title=Articular involvement in systemic sclerosis|journal=Rheumatology|volume=51|issue=8|year=2012|pages=1347–1356|issn=1462-0324|doi=10.1093/rheumatology/kes041}}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |3 phases of (1) [[Edema|Edematous]], (2) [[Induration|Indurative]], and (3) [[Atrophic]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Thrombocytopenia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cell count < 25% [[PMNs]] (non-[[inflammatory]])
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Hypergammaglobulinemia]],
 
[[Creatine phosphokinase]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Juxta-[[articular]] [[osteoporosis]], Joint space narrowing, Frank [[Erosion (dental)|erosions]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Synovial inflammation]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Synovial]] [[vascularity]] in [[doppler ultrasonography]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Epidermal]] [[skin appendages]] [[atrophy]], Broad and hyalinized [[collagen]] fibers in the [[reticular dermis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Histopathology]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Raynaud phenomenon]], [[Tendon]] [[Friction rub|friction rubs]]
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Polymyositis]]/[[dermatomyositis]]<ref name="pmid12895397">{{cite journal |vauthors=Briemberg HR, Amato AA |title=Dermatomyositis and Polymyositis |journal=Curr Treat Options Neurol |volume=5 |issue=5 |pages=349–356 |date=September 2003 |pmid=12895397 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Heliotropism|Heliotrope rash]], [[Dermatomyositis|Gottron papules]], [[Poikiloderma of civatte|Poikiloderma]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Normocytic normochromic anemia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Predominantly [[mononuclear cells]] and large macrophage-like cells
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Anti–Mi-2 antibodies, Anti–Jo-1 antibodies, [[Creatine kinase]], [[ANA]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Marginal [[Erosion (dental)|erosions]] and periarticular [[calcification]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Vacuolar changes of the [[columnar epithelium]] and [[lymphocytic]] [[Infiltration (medical)|infiltrates]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Muscle biopsy]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Dysphagia]] 
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Still's disease]]<ref name="pmid25613167">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kadavath S, Efthimiou P |title=Adult-onset Still's disease-pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and new treatment options |journal=Ann. Med. |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=6–14 |date=February 2015 |pmid=25613167 |doi=10.3109/07853890.2014.971052 |url=}}</ref>
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Still's disease]]<ref name="pmid25613167">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kadavath S, Efthimiou P |title=Adult-onset Still's disease-pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and new treatment options |journal=Ann. Med. |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=6–14 |date=February 2015 |pmid=25613167 |doi=10.3109/07853890.2014.971052 |url=}}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
Line 332: Line 115:
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Ocular|Ocular involvement]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Ocular|Ocular involvement]]
|-
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Behçet's disease|Behçet's syndrome]]<ref name="pmid20121672">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sugawara S, Ehara S, Hitachi S, Sugimoto H |title=Hand and wrist arthritis of Behçet disease: imaging features |journal=Acta Radiol |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=183–6 |date=March 2010 |pmid=20121672 |doi=10.3109/02841850903401349 |url=}}</ref>
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Other systemic illnesses'''
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Erythema nodosum]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Normocytic normochromic anemia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cell count < 25% [[PMNs]] (non-[[inflammatory]])
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Serum [[complement]] levels, [[Human leukocyte antigen]] (HLA)-B51
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Soft tissue swelling
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Non-erosive [[synovitis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Dermal vessels infiltration with lymphocytes and plasma cells, [[Immune]] deposits of [[Immunoglobulin M|immunoglobulin M (IgM)]] and [[C3]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical findings
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Oral ulcer]], [[Mucosal]] erosion
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Relapsing polychondritis]]<ref name="pmid27708954">{{cite journal| author=Emmungil H, Aydın SZ| title=Relapsing polychondritis. | journal=Eur J Rheumatol | year= 2015 | volume= 2 | issue= 4 | pages= 155-159 | pmid=27708954 | doi=10.5152/eurjrheum.2015.0036 | pmc=5047229 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27708954  }}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Leukocytosis]], [[Anemia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cell count < 25% [[PMNs]] (non-[[inflammatory]])
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Cryoglobulins]], [[ANA]], [[C-ANCA]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Tracheal stenosis]] in [[CXR]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Calcification]] of [[Cartilaginous|cartilaginous structures]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Aortic root|Aortic root dilatation]] and degree of [[aortic regurgitation]] in [[echocardiography]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Chondrolysis, [[Chondritis]], Perichondritis
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical findings coupled with imaging
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Ear pain]] and redness, [[Polyarthritis]]
|-
! rowspan="4" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Other systemic illnesses'''
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Sarcoidosis]]<ref name="pmid18032765">{{cite journal |vauthors=Iannuzzi MC, Rybicki BA, Teirstein AS |title=Sarcoidosis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=357 |issue=21 |pages=2153–65 |date=November 2007 |pmid=18032765 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra071714 |url=}}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Mild [[papules]] and [[nodules]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Mild [[anemia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cell count < 25% [[PMNs]] (non-[[inflammatory]])
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | [[IL-2]] and [[Interferon gamma|IFN-γ]], ↑[[Angiotensin-converting enzyme|ACE]], ↑[[Vitamin D|1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Bilateral [[Adenopathy|hilar adenopathy]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Active [[alveolitis]] or [[fibrosis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Hepatosplenomegaly]] in [[ultrasonography]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Granuloma|Noncaseating granulomas (NCGs)]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Histopathology|Histological confirmation]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Heart block]], [[Ocular disease|Ocular lesion]]
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Palindromic rheumatism]]<ref name="pmid21206416">{{cite journal |vauthors=Iyer VR, Cohen GL |title=Palindromic rheumatism |journal=South. Med. J. |volume=104 |issue=2 |pages=147–9 |date=February 2011 |pmid=21206416 |doi=10.1097/SMJ.0b013e318200c4cc |url=}}</ref>
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Palindromic rheumatism]]<ref name="pmid21206416">{{cite journal |vauthors=Iyer VR, Cohen GL |title=Palindromic rheumatism |journal=South. Med. J. |volume=104 |issue=2 |pages=147–9 |date=February 2011 |pmid=21206416 |doi=10.1097/SMJ.0b013e318200c4cc |url=}}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
Line 411: Line 137:
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Rheumatoid nodules]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Rheumatoid nodules]]
|-
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Familial mediterranean fever|Familial Mediterranean fever]]<ref name="pmid25610168">{{cite journal| author=Yildirim K, Uzkeser H, Uyanik A, Karatay S, Kiziltunc A| title=Trace element levels in patients with familial mediterranean Fever. | journal=Eurasian J Med | year= 2011 | volume= 43 | issue= 2 | pages= 79-82 | pmid=25610168 | doi=10.5152/eajm.2011.18 | pmc=4261345 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25610168  }}</ref>
! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Polyarticular pain
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |A well-demarcated, [[erythematous]], warm [[rash]], particularly below the [[knee]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Leukocytosis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cell counts as high as 100,000/µL
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[CRP]], [[Amyloid bodies|Amyloid A protein]], [[Fibrinogen]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Synovial inflammation|Synovial effusions]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Pleural effusions]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Air-fluid levels in [[MRI]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Massive [[amyloid]] infiltration of the [[blood vessels]] and [[endothelial]] side of the [[glomerular basement membrane]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical findings
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Abdominal pain]], [[Myalgia|Severe myalgia]], [[Scrotal swelling|Scrotal attacks]]
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hyperlipoproteinemia|Hyperlipoproteinemias]]<ref name="SoubrierDubost2009">{{cite journal|last1=Soubrier|first1=Martin|last2=Dubost|first2=Jean Jacques|last3=Thiéblot|first3=Philippe|last4=Ristori|first4=Jean Michel|title=Oligo-arthritis and type IV hyperlipoproteinemia|journal=Joint Bone Spine|volume=76|issue=1|year=2009|pages=95–97|issn=1297319X|doi=10.1016/j.jbspin.2008.03.009}}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Xanthelasma]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Leukocytosis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Xanthochromic]] fluid with [[mononuclear cells]] predominance
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[CRP]], [[Hyperlipidemia (patient information)|Hyperlipidemia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Joint space narrowing
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Achilles tendon]] [[enthesitis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Retrocalcaneal bursitis]] and ill-defined [[edema]] in posterosuperior corner of the [[calcaneus]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Inflammatory]] infiltration
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Laboratory findings
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Atherosclerosis]]
|-
! rowspan="9" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Polyarticular pain
! rowspan="3" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Viral arthritis
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Hepatitis B]] and [[Hepatitis C|C]]'''<ref name="GanemPrince2004">{{cite journal|last1=Ganem|first1=Don|last2=Prince|first2=Alfred M.|title=Hepatitis B Virus Infection — Natural History and Clinical Consequences|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=350|issue=11|year=2004|pages=1118–1129|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMra031087}}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Urticaria|Urticarial]] and [[maculopapular]] [[Eruption|eruptions]] 
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Leukocytosis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cell counts < 100,000/µL
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[LFTs|LFT]], [[HBsAg]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Joint space narrowing
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Deposition of [[immune complexes]], [[Cryoprecipitate|Cryoprecipitates]] containing [[HBsAg]] and [[Complement|complements]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[HBsAg]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Liver failure]], [[Jaundice|Icterus]]
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Rubella]]'''<ref name="pmid849368">{{cite journal |vauthors=Spruance SL, Metcalf R, Smith CB, Griffiths MM, Ward JR |title=Chronic arthropathy associated with rubella vaccination |journal=Arthritis Rheum. |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=741–7 |date=March 1977 |pmid=849368 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Acute [[maculopapular rash]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Leukocytosis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Rubella virus|Rubella virus  antigen]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[LFTs|LFT]], [[CRP]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Joint space narrowing
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |proliferation of the [[Synovial membrane|synovial lining cells]], without [[Inflammatory cells|inflammatory]]
 
[[Inflammatory cells|cells]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Serological testing|Serological evidence]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Headache]], [[Malaise]]
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Parvovirus]]'''<ref name="pmid10910181">{{cite journal |vauthors=Moore TL |title=Parvovirus-associated arthritis |journal=Curr Opin Rheumatol |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=289–94 |date=July 2000 |pmid=10910181 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Fifth disease]]/ [[Erythema infectiosum]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Aplastic crisis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[ANA]], [[RF]], [[CRP]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Joint swelling
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Immune complex|Immune complex deposition]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Parvovirus|Parvovirus IgM antibody]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Transient [[aplastic crisis]], [[Fetal]] [[infection]]
|-
! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Fibromyalgia]]<ref name="pmid23213512">{{cite journal| author=Bellato E, Marini E, Castoldi F, Barbasetti N, Mattei L, Bonasia DE et al.| title=Fibromyalgia syndrome: etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. | journal=Pain Res Treat | year= 2012 | volume= 2012 | issue=  | pages= 426130 | pmid=23213512 | doi=10.1155/2012/426130 | pmc=3503476 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23213512  }}</ref>
! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Fibromyalgia]]<ref name="pmid23213512">{{cite journal| author=Bellato E, Marini E, Castoldi F, Barbasetti N, Mattei L, Bonasia DE et al.| title=Fibromyalgia syndrome: etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. | journal=Pain Res Treat | year= 2012 | volume= 2012 | issue=  | pages= 426130 | pmid=23213512 | doi=10.1155/2012/426130 | pmc=3503476 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23213512  }}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
Line 528: Line 156:
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical findings
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical findings
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Muscle pain]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Muscle pain]]
|-
! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Soft tissue abnormalities
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Maculopapular rash]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cell count < 25% [[PMNs]] (non-[[inflammatory]])
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[CRP]], [[Ca]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Joint swelling
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Synovial]] [[edema]] and thickness
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Mild joint effusion in [[ultrasonography]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Mild [[inflammation]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical findings
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Mucositis]], [[Enthesitis]]
|-
! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hypothyroidism]]<ref name="pmid7740308">{{cite journal |vauthors=McLean RM, Podell DN |title=Bone and joint manifestations of hypothyroidism |journal=Semin. Arthritis Rheum. |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=282–90 |date=February 1995 |pmid=7740308 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Dry and coarse [[skin]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anemia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clear yellow fluid with normal cell counts
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[TSH]], [[T4]], [[T3]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Peri-[[articular]] demineralization
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Destructive changes in the [[cartilage]] and [[bone]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |High-signal fluid in the [[joint]] space in [[MRI]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Growth plate|Physeal growth plate]] with little evidence of [[cartilage]] cellular proliferation
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[TSH]], [[T4]], [[T3]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Decreased [[Deep tendon reflex|DTR]], [[Fatigue]]
|-
! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Neuropathic pain]]<ref name="pmid23592730">{{cite journal |vauthors=Magrinelli F, Zanette G, Tamburin S |title=Neuropathic pain: diagnosis and treatment |journal=Pract Neurol |volume=13 |issue=5 |pages=292–307 |date=October 2013 |pmid=23592730 |doi=10.1136/practneurol-2013-000536 |url=}}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Livedo reticularis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Hyperglycemia]], [[Hypokalemia]], [[Hypocalcemia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Neurologic]] examination
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Paresthesia]], [[Dysesthesia]]
|-
! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Metabolic bone disease<ref name="pmid17002489">{{cite journal |vauthors=Skowrońska-Jóźwiak E, Lorenc RS |title=Metabolic bone disease in children : etiology and treatment options |journal=Treat Endocrinol |volume=5 |issue=5 |pages=297–318 |date=2006 |pmid=17002489 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Hyperpigmentation]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Mild [[anemia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cell count < 25% [[PMNs]] (non-[[inflammatory]])
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Vitamin D]], [[PTH]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Peri-[[articular]] demineralization
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Fracture|Microfractures]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Subperiosteal|Subperiosteal reaction]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Decrease [[mineralization]] of [[bone matrix]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Laboratory findings
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Bone pain]], [[Constipation]]
|-
! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Depression]]<ref name="pmid16001092">{{cite journal| author=Trivedi MH| title=The link between depression and physical symptoms. | journal=Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry | year= 2004 | volume= 6 | issue= Suppl 1 | pages= 12-6 | pmid=16001092 | doi= | pmc=486942 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16001092  }}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Psychological analysis|Psychological interview]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Psychomotor retardation|Slow psychomotor]], [[Muscle pain]]
|-
|-
|}
|}
</small>
==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}

Revision as of 15:00, 3 May 2018


Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [2]

Diseases Clinical manifestations Para-clinical findings Gold standard Additional findings
Symptoms Physical examination
Lab Findings Imaging Histopathology
Joint Swelling Fever Weight loss Claudication Morning stiffness Local erythema Skin manifestation CBC ESR Synovial fluid Other X-ray CT scan Other
Polyarthritis Other seronegative spondyloarthritides Ankylosing spondylitis[1] + - +/- +/- + - Dactylitis (sausage digit) Normocytic normochromic anemia ↑  High WBC count (lymphocyte predominance) ↑Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) Bony erosions and sclerosis of the joints  Early sacroiliitis, erosions, and enthesitis Possible cauda equina syndrome secondary to spinal stenosis in MRI Chronic inflammation with CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and macrophages Plain x-rays Peripheral enthesitis, Uveitis 
Inflammatory bowel disease[2] + + - - + +/- Pyoderma gangrenosum (ulcerative colitis), Erythema nodosum (Crohn disease) Iron deficiency anemia, Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis ↑ Mild to moderate inflammatory fluid, PMN predominance ↑RF, Antiendomysial Ab, Antitransglutaminase Ab Bilateral sacroiliitis, Syndesmophytes and apophyseal joint involvement in spine - Early detection of spinal and sacroiliac lesions in MRI - Clinical findings and history Acute anterior uveitis
Rheumatoid arthritis[3] + - + + + - Rheumatoid nodules Anemia, Thrombocytosis ↑ WBC count >2000/µL (generally 5000-50,000/µL), with neutrophil predominance (60-80%) Anti-CCP Ab, Hyperuricemia Joint-space narrowing Microfractures Synovitis in MRI Influx of inflammatory cells into the synovial membrane, with angiogenesis Clinical findings coupled anti-CCP antibody Rheumatoid nodules
Systemic rheumatic illnesses Still's disease[4] - - +/- - +/- + Mild papules and nodules Anemia, Thrombocytosis ↑ High WBC count (5000-15,000/µL) with >50% of PMN leukocytes ANA, RF Soft tissue swelling,

Osteopenia,

Joint-space narrowing

Synovial inflammation Inflamed synovium in ultrasonography Inflammatory infiltration in synovium Clinical findings and synovial fluid analysis Ocular involvement
Other systemic illnesses Palindromic rheumatism[5] + - - +/- + - Rheumatoid nodules Anemia ↑ High WBC count (5000-15,000/µL) with >50% of PMN leukocytes RF, Anti-CCP antibody, ↑Cr or BUN,

↑ALT or AST, ANA

Effusions in joints Microfractures Basilar invagination with cranial migration of an eroded odontoid peg in MRI Influx of inflammatory cells into the synovial membrane, withangiogenesis, proliferation of chronic inflammatory cells Clinical findings coupled anti-CCP antibody Rheumatoid nodules
Polyarticular pain Fibromyalgia[6] - - - +/- +/- - Maculopapular rash Normal - Normal - - - - Mild inflammation Clinical findings Muscle pain

References

  1. ↑ McVeigh CM, Cairns AP (2006). "Diagnosis and management of ankylosing spondylitis". BMJ. 333 (7568): 581–5. doi:10.1136/bmj.38954.689583.DE. PMC 1570004. PMID 16974012.
  2. ↑ Orchard TR (2012). "Management of arthritis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease". Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 8 (5): 327–9. PMC 3424429. PMID 22933865.
  3. ↑ Heidari B (2011). "Rheumatoid Arthritis: Early diagnosis and treatment outcomes". Caspian J Intern Med. 2 (1): 161–70. PMC 3766928. PMID 24024009.
  4. ↑ Kadavath S, Efthimiou P (February 2015). "Adult-onset Still's disease-pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and new treatment options". Ann. Med. 47 (1): 6–14. doi:10.3109/07853890.2014.971052. PMID 25613167.
  5. ↑ Iyer VR, Cohen GL (February 2011). "Palindromic rheumatism". South. Med. J. 104 (2): 147–9. doi:10.1097/SMJ.0b013e318200c4cc. PMID 21206416.
  6. ↑ Bellato E, Marini E, Castoldi F, Barbasetti N, Mattei L, Bonasia DE; et al. (2012). "Fibromyalgia syndrome: etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment". Pain Res Treat. 2012: 426130. doi:10.1155/2012/426130. PMC 3503476. PMID 23213512.
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