Hematuria differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions

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Eiman (talk | contribs)
nocaptcha, Administrators
3,082 edits
No edit summary
Line 14: Line 14:
|- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
|- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" rowspan="5" |Diseases
! colspan="3" rowspan="5" |Diseases
| rowspan="5" |Type of hematuria
| colspan="9" rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |'''Clinical manifestations'''
| colspan="9" rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |'''Clinical manifestations'''
! colspan="9" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Para-clinical findings
! colspan="9" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Para-clinical findings
Line 50: Line 51:
| rowspan="9" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Glomerular disease|Glomerular diseases]]
| rowspan="9" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Glomerular disease|Glomerular diseases]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[IgA nephropathy|IgA nephropathy (Berger nephropathy)]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[IgA nephropathy|IgA nephropathy (Berger nephropathy)]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
Line 72: Line 74:
|-
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Alport syndrome|Hereditary nephritis (Alport syndrome)]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Alport syndrome|Hereditary nephritis (Alport syndrome)]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
Line 94: Line 97:
|-
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
Line 116: Line 120:
|-
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[MPGN|Mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[MPGN|Mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
Line 138: Line 143:
|-
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis|Focal segmental glomerular sclerosis]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis|Focal segmental glomerular sclerosis]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
Line 160: Line 166:
|-
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
Line 182: Line 189:
|-
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Lupus nephritis]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Lupus nephritis]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
Line 204: Line 212:
|-
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Thin basement membrane disease]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Thin basement membrane disease]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
Line 226: Line 235:
|-
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Fabry's disease|Fabry disease]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Fabry's disease|Fabry disease]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
Line 249: Line 259:
| rowspan="5" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Tubulointerstitial diseases of the kidney|Tubulointerstitial diseases]]
| rowspan="5" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Tubulointerstitial diseases of the kidney|Tubulointerstitial diseases]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Renal papillary necrosis]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Renal papillary necrosis]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
Line 271: Line 282:
|-
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Interstitial nephritis|Acute interstitial nephritis]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Interstitial nephritis|Acute interstitial nephritis]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
Line 293: Line 305:
|-
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Analgesic]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Analgesic]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
Line 315: Line 328:
|-
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Nephrolithiasis]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Nephrolithiasis]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
Line 337: Line 351:
|-
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Reflux nephropathy|Reflux nephropathy (hydronephrosis)]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Reflux nephropathy|Reflux nephropathy (hydronephrosis)]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
Line 360: Line 375:
| rowspan="4" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Malignancy]]
| rowspan="4" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Malignancy]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Renal cell carcinoma|Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Renal cell carcinoma|Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
Line 382: Line 398:
|-
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Nephroblastoma]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Nephroblastoma]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
Line 404: Line 421:
|-
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Transitional cell carcinoma|Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC)]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Transitional cell carcinoma|Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC)]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
Line 426: Line 444:
|-
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Prostate cancer]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Prostate cancer]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
Line 449: Line 468:
| rowspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Familial|Familial diseases]]
| rowspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Familial|Familial diseases]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Polycystic kidney disease]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Polycystic kidney disease]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
Line 471: Line 491:
|-
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Medullary sponge kidney]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Medullary sponge kidney]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
Line 494: Line 515:
| rowspan="6" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular diseases]]
| rowspan="6" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular diseases]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Arteriovenous malformation|Arteriovenous renal malformations]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Arteriovenous malformation|Arteriovenous renal malformations]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
Line 516: Line 538:
|-
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Renal vein thrombosis]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Renal vein thrombosis]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
Line 538: Line 561:
|-
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Malignant hypertension]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Malignant hypertension]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
Line 560: Line 584:
|-
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Polyarteritis nodosa]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Polyarteritis nodosa]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
Line 582: Line 607:
|-
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Granulomatosis with polyangiitis|Wegner's granulomatosis polyangiitis]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Granulomatosis with polyangiitis|Wegner's granulomatosis polyangiitis]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
Line 604: Line 630:
|-
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Henoch-Schönlein purpura]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Henoch-Schönlein purpura]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
Line 627: Line 654:
| rowspan="4" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Urinary system|Lower urinary tract diseases]]
| rowspan="4" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Urinary system|Lower urinary tract diseases]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Benign prostatic hyperplasia]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Benign prostatic hyperplasia]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
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|-
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Urolithiasis]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Urolithiasis]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
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|-
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Interstitial cystitis]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Interstitial cystitis]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
Line 693: Line 723:
|-
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Radiogenic|Radiogenic cystitis]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Radiogenic|Radiogenic cystitis]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
Line 716: Line 747:
| rowspan="5" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Systemic diseases]]
| rowspan="5" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Systemic diseases]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hemophilia|Coagulopathy (hemophilia)]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hemophilia|Coagulopathy (hemophilia)]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
Line 738: Line 770:
|-
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Sickle cell anemia]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Sickle cell anemia]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
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|-
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Abdominal aortic aneurysm]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Abdominal aortic aneurysm]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
Line 782: Line 816:
|-
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Lymphomas]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Lymphomas]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
Line 804: Line 839:
|-
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Multiple myeloma]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Multiple myeloma]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
Line 827: Line 863:
| rowspan="8" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Infectious disease|Infectious diseases]]
| rowspan="8" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Infectious disease|Infectious diseases]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Pyelonephritis]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Pyelonephritis]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
Line 849: Line 886:
|-
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Cystitis]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Cystitis]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
Line 871: Line 909:
|-
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Prostatitis]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Prostatitis]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
Line 893: Line 932:
|-
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Urethritis]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Urethritis]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
Line 915: Line 955:
|-
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Epididymitis]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Epididymitis]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
Line 937: Line 978:
|-
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Cytomegalovirus]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Cytomegalovirus]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
Line 959: Line 1,001:
|-
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Infectious mononucleosis]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Infectious mononucleosis]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
Line 981: Line 1,024:
|-
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Condylomata acuminata]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Condylomata acuminata]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Urogenital|Urogenital trauma]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Urogenital|Urogenital trauma]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Inserted [[bladder]] or [[Ureteral disease|ureteral catheters]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Inserted [[bladder]] or [[Ureteral disease|ureteral catheters]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Drugs]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Drugs]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Anticoagulants]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Anticoagulants]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
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| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
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| rowspan="7" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hemoglobinuria]]
| rowspan="7" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hemoglobinuria]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Autoimmune hemolytic anemia]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Autoimmune hemolytic anemia]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
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|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
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|-
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
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|-
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
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|-
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
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|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Malaria|Falciparum malaria]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Malaria|Falciparum malaria]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
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|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Prosthetic heart valve]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Prosthetic heart valve]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
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| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
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| rowspan="9" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Myoglobinuria]]
| rowspan="9" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Myoglobinuria]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Crush injury]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Crush injury]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
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|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Physical exercise|Vigorous muscle exercise]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Physical exercise|Vigorous muscle exercise]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
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|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hyperthermia|Hyperthermia (Heat stroke)]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hyperthermia|Hyperthermia (Heat stroke)]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
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|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Electric shock]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Electric shock]]
|
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Prolonged [[seizure]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Prolonged [[seizure]]
|
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Polymyositis]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Polymyositis]]
|
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Trichinosis]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Trichinosis]]
|
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Haff disease]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Haff disease]]
|
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Bite injury|Animal venom bite]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Bite injury|Animal venom bite]]
|
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| rowspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Chemicals]]
| rowspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Chemicals]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Phenazopyridine]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Phenazopyridine]]
|
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Beeturia|Beet (Beeturia)]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Beeturia|Beet (Beeturia)]]
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Revision as of 15:09, 8 May 2018

Hematuria Microchapters

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Steven C. Campbell, M.D., Ph.D. Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Venkata Sivakrishna Kumar Pulivarthi M.B.B.S [1]

Overview

Gross hematuria(GH) must be distinguished from pigmenturia, which may be due to endogenous sources (e.g., bilirubin, myoglobin,and porphyrins), foods ingested (e.g., beets and rhubarb), drugs (e.g., phenazopyridine), and simple dehydration. This distinction can be made easily by urinalysis with microscopy. Notably, myoglobinuria and other factors can cause false-positive chemical tests for hemoglobin, so urine microscopy is required to confirm the diagnosis of hematuria. GH also must be distinguished from vaginal bleeding in women, which usually can be achieved by obtaining a careful menstrual history, collecting the specimen when the patient is not having menstrual or gynecologic bleeding, or, if necessary, obtaining a catheterized specimen. GH may also be detected by the presence of blood spotting on the undergarments of incontinent patients. After ruling out vaginal bleeding and mimics of hematuria, a urologic source must be suspected.

Differential Diagnosis

Hematuria should be differentiated from other disease which mimic hematuria especially hemoglobinuria and myoglobinuria which are dipstick positive but negative for microscopy.

Hematuria differential diagnosis

Differentiating the diseases that can cause hematuria:

Diseases Type of hematuria Clinical manifestations Para-clinical findings Gold standard Additional findings
Symptoms Physical examination
Lab Findings Imaging Histopathology
Low back pain Fever Nausea/Vomiting Urinary symptoms Hypertension Pitting edema Other CBC Biomarkers Urinalysis Ultrasonography CT scan Other
Dysuria Frequency Oliguria Light microscopy Electron microscopy Immunoflourescence pattern
Hematuria Glomerular diseases IgA nephropathy (Berger nephropathy)
Hereditary nephritis (Alport syndrome)
Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
Mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis
Focal segmental glomerular sclerosis
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
Lupus nephritis
Thin basement membrane disease
Fabry disease
Tubulointerstitial diseases Renal papillary necrosis
Acute interstitial nephritis
Analgesic
Nephrolithiasis
Reflux nephropathy (hydronephrosis)
Malignancy Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)
Nephroblastoma
Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC)
Prostate cancer
Familial diseases Polycystic kidney disease
Medullary sponge kidney
Vascular diseases Arteriovenous renal malformations
Renal vein thrombosis
Malignant hypertension
Polyarteritis nodosa
Wegner's granulomatosis polyangiitis
Henoch-Schönlein purpura
Lower urinary tract diseases Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Urolithiasis
Interstitial cystitis
Radiogenic cystitis
Systemic diseases Coagulopathy (hemophilia)
Sickle cell anemia
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
Lymphomas
Multiple myeloma
Infectious diseases Pyelonephritis
Cystitis
Prostatitis
Urethritis
Epididymitis
Cytomegalovirus
Infectious mononucleosis
Condylomata acuminata
Urogenital trauma Inserted bladder or ureteral catheters
Drugs Anticoagulants
Dark urine Hemoglobinuria Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
Falciparum malaria
Prosthetic heart valve
Myoglobinuria Crush injury
Vigorous muscle exercise
Hyperthermia (Heat stroke)
Electric shock
Prolonged seizure
Polymyositis
Trichinosis
Haff disease
Animal venom bite
Chemicals Phenazopyridine
Beet (Beeturia)
Gross hematuria Causes of hematuria Sub-entity Causes and associations History and Symtoms Laboratory Findings
History Shaking, chills and rigors Fever Nausea/vomiting Dysuria Frequency Pitting edema Hypertension Hemoptysis Oliguria Peri-orbital edema (Facial puffiness) Urinalysis Cystoscopy Hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia Nephrotic features Nephritic features ANCA Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody (Anti-GBM antibody) Immune complex formation Light microscope Electron microscope Immunoflourescence pattern
Urolithiasis (Renal stones)- may be microscopic
  • Calcium oxalate stones
  • Calcium phosphate stones
  • Uric acid stones
  • Magnesium ammonium phosphate stones
  • Cysteine stones
  • Low calcium diet
  • Hyperparathyroidism
  • Hypocalcemic hypercalciuria
  • Anatomic abnormalities of the urinary tract
  • Obesity
  • Dehydration
  • Diets rich in oxalate
  • Urinary tract infection
  • Increased or decreased urinary pH
  • Episodic lower back pain radiating to the groin
 +/- +/- + + - - - - + -
  • > 5 RBCs/hpf (exaggerated in gross hematuria)
 - - - - - - - - - -
Renal tumors- may be microscopic
Renal cysts
Prostatitis
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)- may be micrscopic
Anti-coagulant use- may be microscopic Oral anticoagulant use
Heparin
Aspirin
Clopidogrel
Ticlopidine
Factor Xa inhibitors
Bladder tumors- may be micrscopic Transitional cell carcinoma
  • Male sex
  • Past or current smoking
  • Exposure to known carcinogenic agents or alkylating chemotherapeutic agents
  • Age older than 35 years
  • Exposure to chemicals or dyes (benzenes or aromatic amines)
  • Chronic indwelling foreign body
  • Chronic urinary tract infection
  • Pelvic irradiation
 - - +/- +/- - - - - -
Urinary tract infection- may be microscopic
Tuberculosis
Schistomsomiasis
Hemorrhagic cystitis
Renal infarction
Recent urologic procedure
Microscopic hematuria Glomerulonephritides Non-proliferative Minimal change disease
  • Idiopathic
  • Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type O (glomerular epithelial protein 1- GLEPP1)
  • Young children
  • Recent infection and immunization
  • Atopy
  • Hodgkin lymphoma
  • Thrombosis (due to urinary loss of antithrombin-III)
 + - - +/- - + + - - - -
  • Normal
  • Fusion of podocytes
 -
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
  • Idiopathic
  • HIV
  • Heroine use
  • Sickle cell disease
  • Interferon
  • Severe obesity
  • Mixed cryoglobunemia (Hepatitis C)
  • Adults
 + - - +/- - + + - - - -
  • Focal (some glomeruli) and segmental (only part of glomerulus)
  • Effacement of podocytes
 -
Membranous glomerulonephritis
  • Idiopathic
  • Hepatitis B and C
  • Solid tumors
  • Systemic lupus erythmatosus
  • Drugs (NSAIDS, penclliamine, gold, captopril)
 + - - +/- - + + - - - +
  • Thick glomerular basement membrance
  • Sub-epithelial immune complex depositis with 'spike and dome' appearance
 -
Proliferative IgA nephropathy
  • Idiopathic
  • Viral infections
  • Young children
  • History of mucosal infections (e.g. gastroenteritis) and upper respiratory tract infection
  • 2-3 days after infection (synpharyngitic)
 +/- + - + +/- - - + - - +
  • Crescent formation
  • Mesangial proliferation
 -
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
  • Goodpasture syndrome
  • Young adults
 +/- + + + + - - + - + +
  • Hypercellular and inflamed glomeruli (Crescent formation)
  •  Diffuse thickening of the glomerular basement membrane with absence of subepithelial and subendothelial deposits 
 + (Linear)
  • Post infectious glomerulonephritis
  • Streptococcal skin infections
  • Streptococcal pharyngitis
  • 2-3 weeks after infection
 +/- + + + + - - + - - +
  • Hypercellular and inflamed glomeruli
  • Sub-epithelial immune complex deposits
 + (Granular)
  • Granulomatosis with polyangitis (Wegner's granulomatosis)
 +/- + + + + - - + + (C-ANCA) - -
  • Hypercellular and inflamed glomeruli (Crescent formation)
 - (pauci-immune) +/-
  • Churg Strauss syndrome
  • Necrotizing granulomas (Lungs and kidneys)
  • Asthma
  • Peripheral neuropathy
 +/- + + + + - - +

+ (C-ANCA)

- -
  • Hypercellular and inflamed glomeruli (Crescent formation)
 - (pauci-immune) -
  • Microscopic polyngitis
  • Necrotizing vasculitis (no granuloma)
 +/- + + + + - - +

+ (P-ANCA)

- -
  • Hypercellular and inflamed glomeruli (Crescent formation)
 - (pauci-immune) -
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
  • Idiopathic
  • Hepatitis B and C (Type 1)
  • C3 nepritic factor (Type2)
  • hematuria
  • Oliguria
  • Periorbital edema
  • Hypertension
 +/- + + + + - + - - - +
  • Thick glomerular basement membrane (Tram-track appearance)
  • Mesangial proliferation and leukocyte infiltration
 + (Granular)
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
Alport's syndrome
Diabetic glomerulosclerosis
Interestitial nephritis
Renal papillary necrosis
Renal artery stenosis

References

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