Kidney stone differential diagnosis

Kidney stone Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Kidney stone from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Study of Choice
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
X Ray
Ultrasonography
CT
MRI
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Kidney stone differential diagnosis On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Kidney stone differential diagnosis All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Kidney stone differential diagnosis
CDC on Kidney stone differential diagnosis
Kidney stone differential diagnosis in the news
Blogs onKidney stone differential diagnosis
Directions to Hospitals Treating Kidney stone
Risk calculators and risk factors for Kidney stone differential diagnosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

[Disease name] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], [clinical feature 2], and [clinical feature 3], such as [differential dx1], [differential dx2], and [differential dx3].

OR

[Disease name] must be differentiated from [[differential dx1], [differential dx2], and [differential dx3].

Differentiating Nephrolithiasis from other Diseases

Nephrolithiasis should be differentiated from other conditions presenting with acute flank or upper abdominal pain, hematuriua, nausea and vomiting. The differentials include the following:

Category	Disease	History	Signs and Symptoms										Physical Examination			Laboratory abnormalities
			Nausea/vomiting	Hematuria	Location of pain	Fever	Tachycardia	Hypotension	Anorexia	Constipation	Rebound tenderness	Urinary frequency/Urgency/Dysuria	Costovetebral angle tenderness	Pelvic Examination	Rectal Examination	Complete Blood Count (CBC)	Urinalysis	BUN	Creatinine	Stone analysis	Urine Beta- hCG	Liver Function tests (LFTs)	Serum Amylase/Lipase	Abdominal CT scan	Serum Parathyroid hormone levels (PTH)
Renal Pathology	Nephrolithiasis	Primary hyper parathyroidism Inadequate dietary calcium intake Hypercalciuria Hyperoxaluria Cystinuria Renal tubular acidosis Infection with urease producing bacteria (Ureaplasma urealyticum, Klebsiella, Protues)
	Pyelonephritis	Urinary tract infection Immunocompromised state (Diabetes, immunosuppressive medications) Urinary tract obstruction History of pyelonephritis Pregnancy Presence of urinary catheter, stent, nephrostomy tube
	Renal infarct	Sickle cell disease or trait Thrombosis Trauma Hypertension Cardiac arrhythmia Coagulopathy Atherosclerosis
	Renal papillary necrosis	Analgesic use (Phenacetin, acetaminophen, NSAIDs) Pyelonephritis Urinary tract obstruction Sickle cell disease Tuberculosis Cirrhosis Diabetes Vasculitis Renal vein thrombosis
	Renal cell carcinoma	Weight loss Night sweats Malaise Flank mass
	Uretral stricture
Gynecological Pathology	Pelvic inflammatory disease
	Ovarian torsion
	Ectopic pregnancy
Prostate Pathology	Prostatitis
	Prostatic cancer
Testicular Pathology	Testicular torsion
	Orchitis
Abdominal Pathology	Cholecystitis
	Appendicitis
	Diverticulitis
	Abdominal aortic aneurysm
	Portal vein thrombosis
	Duodenal ulcer
	Ischemic colitis