Methemoglobinemia history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Template:Aksiniya K. Stevasarova, M.D.

Overview

Congenital (Hereditary) Methemoglobinemia

There are three main congenital conditions that lead to methemoglobinemia:

1. Cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency and pyruvate kinase deficiency

2. G6PD deficiency

3. Presence of abnormal hemoglobin (Hb M)

Acquired or Acute Methemoglobinemia

Most common cause include different oxidant drugs, toxins or chemicals

History and Symptoms

Depending on the levels of MetHb in the blood we can observe different symptoms as follows: MetHb 15 % presents with skin and blood color changes at levels, Levels above 15 % will result in hypoxia and levels above 70% can lead to death.

Cyanosis that is unresponsive to oxygen treatment is the main physical finding in people with methemoglobinemia, along with that the patient can present with dizziness, nausea and shortness of breath.