Methemoglobinemia epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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There are three main congenital conditions that lead to methemoglobinemia: | There are three main congenital conditions that lead to methemoglobinemia: | ||
1. [[Cytochrome b5 reductase]] | 1. [[Cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency]] and [[pyruvate kinase deficiency]] | ||
2. [[G6PD deficiency]] | 2. [[G6PD deficiency]] | ||
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'''Acquired or Acute Methemoglobinemia''' | '''Acquired or Acute Methemoglobinemia''' | ||
Most common cause include different [[oxidant drugs]], toxins or chemicals | Most common cause include different [[oxidant drugs]], [[toxins]] or [[chemicals]] | ||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
Revision as of 18:58, 14 May 2018
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Methemoglobinemia Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Methemoglobinemia epidemiology and demographics On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Methemoglobinemia epidemiology and demographics |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Methemoglobinemia epidemiology and demographics |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Template:Aksiniya K. Stevasarova, M.D.
Overview
Congenital (Hereditary) Methemoglobinemia
There are three main congenital conditions that lead to methemoglobinemia:
1. Cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency and pyruvate kinase deficiency
3. Presence of abnormal hemoglobin (Hb M)
Acquired or Acute Methemoglobinemia
Most common cause include different oxidant drugs, toxins or chemicals
Epidemiology and Demographics
Epidemiology
In the United States congenital methemoglobinemia is rare. Deficiency of cytochrome b5 reductase endemic only in some Native American tribes like Navajo [1] and Athabaskan Alaskans, and the Yakutsk people in Siberia. [2]
The acquired methemoglobinemia is the most common form, and most cases are related to topical or local anesthetics use during medical procedures.
Demographics
Infants, particularly those younger than 4 months are most susceptible to methemoglobinemia. This is due to the fact that the NADH methemoglobin reductase activity and concentration (the main protective enzyme against oxidative stress) is not fully mature in infants. Both cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency and pyruvate kinase deficiency are autosomal recessive diseases and the Hb M has autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. On the other hand ([G6PD]] deficiency is X-linked, therefore the risk of acquired methemoglobinemia is greater in males. The highest prevalence of G6PD deficiency is observed in the malaria-endemic regions: Sub-Saharan Afria, West Asia and Arabian Peninsula, as well as in people of Mediterranean descent. As a result these populations are at higher risk for acquired methemoglobinemia. [3] [4] [5]
- ↑ {{J Pediatr. 1964 Dec;65:928-31. HEREDITARY METHEMOGLOBINEMIA DUE TO DIAPHORASE DEFICIENCY IN NAVAJO INDIANS. BALSAMO P, HARDY WR, SCOTT EM. pmid=14244100}}
- ↑ {{J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2017 Jan;39(1):42-45. Enzymopenic Congenital Methemoglobinemia in Children of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Burtseva TE1, Ammosova TN, Protopopova NN, Yakovleva SY, Slobodchikova MP. pmid=27879543 }}
- ↑ {{Malar J. 2013 Nov 15;12:418. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-12-418. Spatial distribution of G6PD deficiency variants across malaria-endemic regions. Howes RE1, Dewi M, Piel FB, Monteiro WM, Battle KE, Messina JP, Sakuntabhai A, Satyagraha AW, Williams TN, Baird JK, Hay SI. pmid=24228846 }}
- ↑ {{ Adv Parasitol. 2013;81:133-201. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-407826-0.00004-7. G6PD deficiency: global distribution, genetic variants and primaquine therapy. Howes RE1, Battle KE, Satyagraha AW, Baird JK, Hay SI.pmid=23384623}}
- ↑ Template:Pmid=1917622
The page name should be "(Disease name) epidemiology and demographics", with only the first letter of the title capitalized.
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Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
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In developed countries, the prevalence of (insert disease state here) is _____ per 100,000 persons.
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In developed countries, the incidence of (insert disease state here) ranges from a low of _____ per 100,000 persons to a high of _____ per 100,000 persons with an average incidence of _____ per 100,000 persons.
In developed countries, the incidence of (insert disease state here) is _____ per 100,000 persons.
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The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide. In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide. The prevalence of [disease/malignancy] is estimated to be [number] cases annually. IF the case-fatality rate is also known, you may use either of the following template statements:
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The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region]. If additional details are known about the patient population in which the disease is typically diagnosed, they may be included here. Supplementary template statements include:
[Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2]. [Chronic disease name] is usually first diagnosed among [age group]. [Acute disease name] commonly affects [age group].