Epidural hematoma pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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===Pathogenesis=== | ===Pathogenesis=== | ||
* Epidural hematoma is the result of the bleeding within the epidural space, which lies between dura mater and skull bone. | * Epidural hematoma is the result of the bleeding within the epidural space, which lies between dura mater and skull bone.<ref name="pmid22325415">{{cite journal| author=Scheibl A, Calderón EM, Borau MJ, Prieto RM, González PF, Galiana GG| title=Epidural hematoma. | journal=J Pediatr Surg | year= 2012 | volume= 47 | issue= 2 | pages= e19-21 | pmid=22325415 | doi=10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2011.10.078 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22325415 }} </ref> | ||
* The main cause of epidural hematoma is typically head injury that results in a break of the temporal bone and bleeding from the middle meningeal artery in the epidural space. | * The main cause of epidural hematoma is typically head injury that results in a break of the temporal bone and bleeding from the middle meningeal artery in the epidural space.<ref name="pmid27766029">{{cite journal| author=Yu J, Guo Y, Xu B, Xu K| title=Clinical importance of the middle meningeal artery: A review of the literature. | journal=Int J Med Sci | year= 2016 | volume= 13 | issue= 10 | pages= 790-799 | pmid=27766029 | doi=10.7150/ijms.16489 | pmc=5069415 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27766029 }} </ref><ref name="pmid17639868">{{cite journal| author=Yanagawa Y, Sakamoto T, Okada Y| title=Clinical features of temporal tip epidural hematomas. | journal=J Neurosurg | year= 2007 | volume= 107 | issue= 1 | pages= 18-20 | pmid=17639868 | doi=10.3171/JNS-07/07/0018 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17639868 }} </ref> | ||
* Because the bleeding is caused by arterial rupture, it has a high tendency to progress and it causes a hematoa in epidural space. | * Because the bleeding is caused by arterial rupture, it has a high tendency to progress and it causes a hematoa in epidural space. | ||
* Progression of bleeding may expand the hematoma and cause increasing of the intracranial pressure and it may lead to brain herniation. | * Progression of bleeding may expand the hematoma and cause increasing of the intracranial pressure and it may lead to brain herniation.<ref name="pmid23320175">{{cite journal| author=Chen H, Guo Y, Chen SW, Wang G, Cao HL, Chen J et al.| title=Progressive epidural hematoma in patients with head trauma: incidence, outcome, and risk factors. | journal=Emerg Med Int | year= 2012 | volume= 2012 | issue= | pages= 134905 | pmid=23320175 | doi=10.1155/2012/134905 | pmc=3536037 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23320175 }} </ref> | ||
* Occasionally epidural hematoma may occur as a result of a bleeding disorder or blood vessel malformation or after CNS surgery and sometimes is may occur spontaneously. | * Occasionally epidural hematoma may occur as a result of a bleeding disorder or blood vessel malformation or after CNS surgery and sometimes is may occur spontaneously.<ref name="pmid20221963">{{cite journal| author=Morsing IE, Brons P, Th Draaisma JM, van Lindert EJ, Erasmus CE| title=Hemophilia a and spinal epidural hematoma in children. | journal=Neuropediatrics | year= 2009 | volume= 40 | issue= 5 | pages= 245-8 | pmid=20221963 | doi=10.1055/s-0030-1248247 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20221963 }} </ref><ref name="pmid23812629">{{cite journal| author=Paraskevopoulos D, Magras I, Polyzoidis K| title=Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma secondary to extradural arteriovenous malformation in a child: a case-based update. | journal=Childs Nerv Syst | year= 2013 | volume= 29 | issue= 11 | pages= 1985-91 | pmid=23812629 | doi=10.1007/s00381-013-2214-5 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23812629 }} </ref><ref name="pmid21165315">{{cite journal| author=Kim B, Moon SH, Kim SY, Kim HJ, Lee HM| title=Delayed Spinal Epidural Hematoma after En Block Spondylectomy for Vertebral Ewing's Sarcoma. | journal=Asian Spine J | year= 2010 | volume= 4 | issue= 2 | pages= 118-22 | pmid=21165315 | doi=10.4184/asj.2010.4.2.118 | pmc=2996623 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21165315 }} </ref> | ||
* | * | ||
==Genetics== | ==Genetics== | ||
Revision as of 15:08, 30 May 2018
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Epidural hematoma Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Epidural hematoma pathophysiology On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Epidural hematoma pathophysiology |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Epidural hematoma pathophysiology |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]
Overview
Pathophysiology
Pathogenesis
- Epidural hematoma is the result of the bleeding within the epidural space, which lies between dura mater and skull bone.[1]
- The main cause of epidural hematoma is typically head injury that results in a break of the temporal bone and bleeding from the middle meningeal artery in the epidural space.[2][3]
- Because the bleeding is caused by arterial rupture, it has a high tendency to progress and it causes a hematoa in epidural space.
- Progression of bleeding may expand the hematoma and cause increasing of the intracranial pressure and it may lead to brain herniation.[4]
- Occasionally epidural hematoma may occur as a result of a bleeding disorder or blood vessel malformation or after CNS surgery and sometimes is may occur spontaneously.[5][6][7]
Genetics
- The development of [disease name] is the result of multiple genetic mutations.
Associated Conditions
Gross Pathology
- On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].
Microscopic Pathology
- On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].
|
Epidural hematoma Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Epidural hematoma pathophysiology On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Epidural hematoma pathophysiology |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Epidural hematoma pathophysiology |
Overview
References
- ↑ Scheibl A, Calderón EM, Borau MJ, Prieto RM, González PF, Galiana GG (2012). "Epidural hematoma". J Pediatr Surg. 47 (2): e19–21. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2011.10.078. PMID 22325415.
- ↑ Yu J, Guo Y, Xu B, Xu K (2016). "Clinical importance of the middle meningeal artery: A review of the literature". Int J Med Sci. 13 (10): 790–799. doi:10.7150/ijms.16489. PMC 5069415. PMID 27766029.
- ↑ Yanagawa Y, Sakamoto T, Okada Y (2007). "Clinical features of temporal tip epidural hematomas". J Neurosurg. 107 (1): 18–20. doi:10.3171/JNS-07/07/0018. PMID 17639868.
- ↑ Chen H, Guo Y, Chen SW, Wang G, Cao HL, Chen J; et al. (2012). "Progressive epidural hematoma in patients with head trauma: incidence, outcome, and risk factors". Emerg Med Int. 2012: 134905. doi:10.1155/2012/134905. PMC 3536037. PMID 23320175.
- ↑ Morsing IE, Brons P, Th Draaisma JM, van Lindert EJ, Erasmus CE (2009). "Hemophilia a and spinal epidural hematoma in children". Neuropediatrics. 40 (5): 245–8. doi:10.1055/s-0030-1248247. PMID 20221963.
- ↑ Paraskevopoulos D, Magras I, Polyzoidis K (2013). "Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma secondary to extradural arteriovenous malformation in a child: a case-based update". Childs Nerv Syst. 29 (11): 1985–91. doi:10.1007/s00381-013-2214-5. PMID 23812629.
- ↑ Kim B, Moon SH, Kim SY, Kim HJ, Lee HM (2010). "Delayed Spinal Epidural Hematoma after En Block Spondylectomy for Vertebral Ewing's Sarcoma". Asian Spine J. 4 (2): 118–22. doi:10.4184/asj.2010.4.2.118. PMC 2996623. PMID 21165315.