Hyponatremia history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Saeedeh Kowsarnia M.D.[2]

Overview

The majority of patients with [disease name] are asymptomatic.

OR

The hallmark of [disease name] is [finding]. A positive history of [finding 1] and [finding 2] is suggestive of [disease name]. The most common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. Common symptoms of [disease] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. Less common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3].

History and Symptoms

History

• Drug history
• Diet history
• History of volume loss: diarrhea, vomiting

• History of decreased urine output
• chronic illnesses: CHF, RF

Common Symptoms

The clinical signs and symptoms of hyponatremia are related to the degree of brain compensation to hypoosmolarity.Development of cerebral edema, increased intracerebral pressure and cerebral hypoxia are responsible for hyponatremia presentation. Also see the complication of hyponatremia.

• Asymptomatic
• Acute neurologic changes: seizures, altered mental status, coma , focal neurologic signs

• Moderate symptoms
  • Nausea
  • Malaise
  • Headache
  • Confusion
  • Loss of energy and fatigue
  • Restlessness and irritability
  • Muscle weakness, spasms or cramps
  • Fatigue
  • Lethargy
  • Dizziness
  • Gait disturbances
  • Forgetfulness
• Severe
  • Vomiting
  • Cardio-respiratory distress
  • Abnormal and deep somnolence
  • Seizures
  • Coma (Glasgow Coma Scale 8)
  • Delirium
  • Impaired consciousness

• Mild chronic hyponatremia (plasma sodium 125–135 mEq/L) may cause subtle neurocognitive deficits that can be detected by careful testing ,these deficits improve when the plasma sodium is normalized.

Less Common Symptoms

• Cardiorespiratory arrest

• Death
• Coma
• Brain damage/ brain edema
• Epileptic seizures
• Osmotic demyelinating syndrome