Lead poisoning natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
| Line 18: | Line 18: | ||
**[[neurological]] | **[[neurological]] | ||
[[Central nervous system]] and neuromuscular symptoms usually result from intense exposure, while | [[Central nervous system]] and neuromuscular symptoms usually result from intense exposure, while gastrointestinal symptoms usually result from exposure over longer periods.<ref name="Brunton07-31"/> Signs of chronic exposure include loss of [[short-term memory]] or concentration, depression, nausea, abdominal pain, loss of coordination, and numbness and tingling in the extremities.<ref name="Patrick06"/>{{ums|date=December 2017}} Fatigue, problems with sleep, headaches, stupor, slurred speech, and anemia are also found in chronic lead poisoning.<ref name="Pearce07-EurNeurol"/> A "lead hue" of the skin with [[pallor]] and/or [[lividity]] is another feature<!--of chronic lead poisoning-->.<ref name="Andrews">James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). ''Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology''. (10th ed.). Saunders. {{ISBN|0-7216-2921-0}}. {{Rp|859}}</ref><ref name="El SafouryAbd El Fatah2009">{{cite journal|last1=El Safoury|first1=OmarSoliman|last2=Abd El Fatah|first2=DinaSabry|last3=Ibrahim|first3=Magdy|title=Treatment of periocular hyperpigmentation due to lead of kohl (surma) by penicillamine: A single group non-randomized clinical trial|journal=Indian Journal of Dermatology|volume=54|issue=4|year=2009|pages=361|issn=0019-5154|doi=10.4103/0019-5154.57614|pmid=20101339}}</ref> A blue line along the gum with bluish black edging to the teeth, known as a [[Burton line]], is another indication of chronic lead poisoning.<ref name="Rambousek08-177">[[#CITEREFRambousek08|Rambousek (2008)]] p.177</ref> Children with chronic poisoning may refuse to play or may have [[Hyperkinetic disorder|hyperkinetic]] or aggressive behavior disorders.<ref name="Pearce07-EurNeurol"/> Visual disturbance may present with gradually progressing blurred vision as a result of central scotoma, caused by toxic optic neuritis.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Fintak|first1=David R.|title=Wills Eye Resident Case Series|date=30 January 2007|url=http://www.revophth.com/content/d/wills_resident_case_series/i/1297/c/24966/|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714181927/http://www.revophth.com/content/d/wills_resident_case_series/i/1297/c/24966/|archivedate=14 July 2014|df=}}</ref> | ||
===Prognosis=== | ===Prognosis=== | ||
Revision as of 13:20, 17 June 2018
|
Lead poisoning Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Lead poisoning natural history, complications and prognosis On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Lead poisoning natural history, complications and prognosis |
|
FDA on Lead poisoning natural history, complications and prognosis |
|
CDC on Lead poisoning natural history, complications and prognosis |
|
Lead poisoning natural history, complications and prognosis in the news |
|
Blogs on Lead poisoning natural history, complications and prognosis |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Lead poisoning natural history, complications and prognosis |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aksiniya K. Stevasarova, MD
Overview
If left untreated, 100% of patients with [lead poisoning] may progress to develop seizures, unconsciousness and death.
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
- Symptoms of acute lead poisoning usually develop in the first 3 year of life, and start with symptoms such as pain, muscle weakness, numbness and tingling, and, rarely, symptoms associated with encephalitis.[1] Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation are other acute symptoms.[2] Lead's effects on the mouth include astringency and a metallic taste.[2] Gastrointestinal problems, such as constipation, diarrhea, poor appetite, or weight loss, are common in acute poisoning. Absorption of large amounts of lead over a short time can cause circulatoryshock due to loss of water from the gastrointestinal tract.[2] Hemolysis due to acute poisoning can cause anemia and hemoglobinuria.[2] Damage to kidneys can cause changes in urination such as oliguria.[2]
Complications
- Common complications of lead poisoning include:
Central nervous system and neuromuscular symptoms usually result from intense exposure, while gastrointestinal symptoms usually result from exposure over longer periods.[2] Signs of chronic exposure include loss of short-term memory or concentration, depression, nausea, abdominal pain, loss of coordination, and numbness and tingling in the extremities.[3][unreliable medical source?] Fatigue, problems with sleep, headaches, stupor, slurred speech, and anemia are also found in chronic lead poisoning.[1] A "lead hue" of the skin with pallor and/or lividity is another feature.[4][5] A blue line along the gum with bluish black edging to the teeth, known as a Burton line, is another indication of chronic lead poisoning.[6] Children with chronic poisoning may refuse to play or may have hyperkinetic or aggressive behavior disorders.[1] Visual disturbance may present with gradually progressing blurred vision as a result of central scotoma, caused by toxic optic neuritis.[7]
Prognosis
- Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.
- Depending on the extent of the [tumor/disease progression/etc.] at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary. However, the prognosis is generally regarded as poor/good/excellent.
- The presence of [characteristic of disease] is associated with a particularly [good/poor] prognosis among patients with [disease/malignancy].
- [Subtype of disease/malignancy] is associated with the most favorable prognosis.
- The prognosis varies with the [characteristic] of tumor; [subtype of disease/malignancy] have the most favorable prognosis.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5
- ↑
- ↑ James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. (10th ed.). Saunders. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0. :859
- ↑ El Safoury, OmarSoliman; Abd El Fatah, DinaSabry; Ibrahim, Magdy (2009). "Treatment of periocular hyperpigmentation due to lead of kohl (surma) by penicillamine: A single group non-randomized clinical trial". Indian Journal of Dermatology. 54 (4): 361. doi:10.4103/0019-5154.57614. ISSN 0019-5154. PMID 20101339.
- ↑ Rambousek (2008) p.177
- ↑ Fintak, David R. (30 January 2007). "Wills Eye Resident Case Series". Archived from the original on 14 July 2014.