Hypocalcemia classification: Difference between revisions
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==== Absence of PTH ==== | ==== Absence of PTH ==== | ||
* Absence of PTH is primarily seen in<ref name="pmid19923405">{{cite journal |vauthors=Riccardi D, Brown EM |title=Physiology and pathophysiology of the calcium-sensing receptor in the kidney |journal=Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. |volume=298 |issue=3 |pages=F485–99 |date=March 2010 |pmid=19923405 |pmc=2838589 |doi=10.1152/ajprenal.00608.2009 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23087872">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sarkar S, Mondal M, Das K, Shrimal A |title=Mucocutaneous manifestations of acquired hypoparathyroidism: An observational study |journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab |volume=16 |issue=5 |pages=819–20 |date=September 2012 |pmid=23087872 |pmc=3475912 |doi=10.4103/2230-8210.100637 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12678507">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sturniolo G, Lo Schiavo MG, Tonante A, D'Alia C, Bonanno L |title=Hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy: a clinical biological study and surgical considerations |journal=Int. J. Surg. Investig. |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=99–105 |date=2000 |pmid=12678507 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9606288">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pattou F, Combemale F, Fabre S, Carnaille B, Decoulx M, Wemeau JL, Racadot A, Proye C |title=Hypocalcemia following thyroid surgery: incidence and prediction of outcome |journal=World J Surg |volume=22 |issue=7 |pages=718–24 |date=July 1998 |pmid=9606288 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | * Absence of PTH is primarily seen in<ref name="pmid19923405">{{cite journal |vauthors=Riccardi D, Brown EM |title=Physiology and pathophysiology of the calcium-sensing receptor in the kidney |journal=Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. |volume=298 |issue=3 |pages=F485–99 |date=March 2010 |pmid=19923405 |pmc=2838589 |doi=10.1152/ajprenal.00608.2009 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23087872">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sarkar S, Mondal M, Das K, Shrimal A |title=Mucocutaneous manifestations of acquired hypoparathyroidism: An observational study |journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab |volume=16 |issue=5 |pages=819–20 |date=September 2012 |pmid=23087872 |pmc=3475912 |doi=10.4103/2230-8210.100637 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12678507">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sturniolo G, Lo Schiavo MG, Tonante A, D'Alia C, Bonanno L |title=Hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy: a clinical biological study and surgical considerations |journal=Int. J. Surg. Investig. |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=99–105 |date=2000 |pmid=12678507 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9606288">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pattou F, Combemale F, Fabre S, Carnaille B, Decoulx M, Wemeau JL, Racadot A, Proye C |title=Hypocalcemia following thyroid surgery: incidence and prediction of outcome |journal=World J Surg |volume=22 |issue=7 |pages=718–24 |date=July 1998 |pmid=9606288 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid171470832">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sciumè C, Geraci G, Pisello F, Facella T, Li Volsi F, Licata A, Modica G |title=[Complications in thyroid surgery: symptomatic post-operative hypoparathyroidism incidence, surgical technique, and treatment] |language=Italian |journal=Ann Ital Chir |volume=77 |issue=2 |pages=115–22 |date=2006 |pmid=17147083 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
** Hereditary hypoparathyroidism | ** Hereditary hypoparathyroidism | ||
** Acquired hypoparathyroidism | ** Acquired hypoparathyroidism | ||
Revision as of 18:13, 26 June 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
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Overview
There is a functional classification of hypocalcemia which includes complete absent of PTH gland, PTH insufficiency and PTH overactivity.
Classification
- Hypocalcemia may be classified functionally into following subtypes:
Absence of PTH
- Absence of PTH is primarily seen in[1][2][3][4][5]
- Hereditary hypoparathyroidism
- Acquired hypoparathyroidism
- Hypomagnesemia
PTH Insufficiency
- PTH insufficiency is seen in active vitamin D lacking which is seen in[6]
- Dietary intake
- Insufficient exposure to sunlight
- Vitamin D-dependent rickets type 1
- Chronic renal failure
- PTH insufficiency is seen in active vitamin D ineffectiveness which is seen in
- Intestinal malabsorption
- Vitamin D-dependent rickets type 2
- Pseudoparathyroidism
PTH Overwhelmed
- PTH overactivity which is seen in[7]
- Severe hypophosphatemia
- Tumor Lysis syndrome
- Acute renal failure
- Rhabdomyolysis
References
- ↑ Riccardi D, Brown EM (March 2010). "Physiology and pathophysiology of the calcium-sensing receptor in the kidney". Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 298 (3): F485–99. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00608.2009. PMC 2838589. PMID 19923405.
- ↑ Sarkar S, Mondal M, Das K, Shrimal A (September 2012). "Mucocutaneous manifestations of acquired hypoparathyroidism: An observational study". Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 16 (5): 819–20. doi:10.4103/2230-8210.100637. PMC 3475912. PMID 23087872.
- ↑ Sturniolo G, Lo Schiavo MG, Tonante A, D'Alia C, Bonanno L (2000). "Hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy: a clinical biological study and surgical considerations". Int. J. Surg. Investig. 2 (2): 99–105. PMID 12678507.
- ↑ Pattou F, Combemale F, Fabre S, Carnaille B, Decoulx M, Wemeau JL, Racadot A, Proye C (July 1998). "Hypocalcemia following thyroid surgery: incidence and prediction of outcome". World J Surg. 22 (7): 718–24. PMID 9606288.
- ↑ Sciumè C, Geraci G, Pisello F, Facella T, Li Volsi F, Licata A, Modica G (2006). "[Complications in thyroid surgery: symptomatic post-operative hypoparathyroidism incidence, surgical technique, and treatment]". Ann Ital Chir (in Italian). 77 (2): 115–22. PMID 17147083.
- ↑ Carroll R, Matfin G (February 2010). "Endocrine and metabolic emergencies: hypocalcaemia". Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 1 (1): 29–33. doi:10.1177/2042018810366494. PMC 3474611. PMID 23148147.
- ↑ Carroll R, Matfin G (February 2010). "Endocrine and metabolic emergencies: hypocalcaemia". Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 1 (1): 29–33. doi:10.1177/2042018810366494. PMC 3474611. PMID 23148147.