Hypocalcemia physical examination

Hypocalcemia Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

The clinical manifestations of hypocalcemia depend on the degree of hypocalcaemia .Common physical examination findings of [disease name] include Chvostek's sign,Trousseau's sign and circumoral numbness.

Physical Examination

Physical examination of patients with hypocalcemia shows the following

Appearance of the Patient

• Patients with hypocalcemia usually appear confused,disoriented,fatigue.

Skin

• Dry skin
• Coarse hair
• Brittle nails
• Alopecia
• Enamel hypoplasia
• Shortened premolar roots
• Thickened lamina dura
• Delayed tooth eruption
• Increased dental caries
• Atopic eczema
• Exfoliative dermatitis
• Psoriasis
• Impetigo herpetiformis

HEENT

• Subcapsular cataracts
• Papilledema

Neuromuscular

• Chvostek's sign
• Trousseau's sign
• Paresthesias
• Tetany
• Seizures (focal, petit mal, grand mal)
• Muscle cramps
• Muscle weakness
• Laryngospasm
• Bronchospasm

Neurological signs 

• Extrapyramidal signs due to calcification of basal ganglia
• Calcification of cerebral cortex or cerebellum
• Personality disturbances
• Irritability
• Impaired intellectual ability
• Nonspecific EEG changes
• Increased intracranial pressure
• Parkinsonism
• Choreoathetosis
• Dystonic spasm
• Confusion
• Disorientation
• Psychosis
• Fatigue
• Anxiety
• Poor memory
• Reduced concentration
• Confusion
• Disorientation
• Psychosis
• Fatigue
• Anxiety
• Poor memory
• Reduced concentration

Abdomen

• Abdominal pain
• Biliary colic

Lungs

• Dyspnea
• Wheezing

Heart

• Prolonged QT interval on EKG
• Congestive heart failure
• Cardiomyopathy