Cavernous sinus thrombosis history and symptoms: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{xyz}}
{{Cavernous sinus thrombosis}}
 
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{MMJ}}


{{CMG}}; {{AE}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
The majority of patients with [disease name] are asymptomatic.


OR


The hallmark of [disease name] is [finding]. A positive history of [finding 1] and [finding 2] is suggestive of [disease name]. The most common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. Common symptoms of [disease] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. Less common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3].
==History and Symptoms==


==History and Symptoms==
*The majority of patients with [disease name] are asymptomatic.
OR
*The hallmark of [disease name] is [finding]. A positive history of [finding 1] and [finding 2] is suggestive of [disease name]. The most common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3].
*Symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3].
===History===
===History===
2222222
*Common risk factors in the development of cavernous sinus thrombosis include:<ref name="pmid19383052">{{cite journal| author=Saadatnia M, Fatehi F, Basiri K, Mousavi SA, Mehr GK| title=Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis risk factors. | journal=Int J Stroke | year= 2009 | volume= 4 | issue= 2 | pages= 111-23 | pmid=19383052 | doi=10.1111/j.1747-4949.2009.00260.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19383052  }} </ref>
**[[Neoplasms]]<ref name="pmid6753578">{{cite journal| author=Hickey WF, Garnick MB, Henderson IC, Dawson DM| title=Primary cerebral venous thrombosis in patients with cancer--a rarely diagnosed paraneoplastic syndrome. Report of three cases and review of the literature. | journal=Am J Med | year= 1982 | volume= 73 | issue= 5 | pages= 740-50 | pmid=6753578 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6753578  }} </ref>
**Infections:<ref name="pmid29142871">{{cite journal| author=Aggarwal K, Rastogi S, Joshi A, Kumar A, Chaurasia A, Prakash R| title=Cavernous sinus thrombosis following dental extraction: a rare case report and forgotten entity. | journal=J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg | year= 2017 | volume= 43 | issue= 5 | pages= 351-355 | pmid=29142871 | doi=10.5125/jkaoms.2017.43.5.351 | pmc=5685866 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29142871  }} </ref>
***[[Facial]] infections
***[[Sinusitis]]
***[[Otitis media]]
***[[Dental|Dental infections]]
***[[Sepsis]]
**[[Thrombophilic disorders|Thrombophilic genetic disorders]] such as:
***[[Factor V Leiden mutation]]<ref name="pmid8841317">{{cite journal| author=Zuber M, Toulon P, Marnet L, Mas JL| title=Factor V Leiden mutation in cerebral venous thrombosis. | journal=Stroke | year= 1996 | volume= 27 | issue= 10 | pages= 1721-3 | pmid=8841317 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8841317  }} </ref>
***[[Prothrombin G20210A mutation]]<ref name="pmid26019885">{{cite journal| author=Attia TH, Fawzi HA, Desouki IS| title=Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in heterozygous prothrombin G20210A mutation in Egyptian child, with an excellent outcome. | journal=Oxf Med Case Reports | year= 2015 | volume= 2015 | issue= 5 | pages= 284-7 | pmid=26019885 | doi=10.1093/omcr/omv035 | pmc=4434574 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26019885  }} </ref>
***[[Antithrombin III deficiency]]<ref name="pmid27688576">{{cite journal| author=Kumaravelu S, Gupta A, Singh KK| title=Cerebral Venous Thrombosis. | journal=Med J Armed Forces India | year= 2008 | volume= 64 | issue= 4 | pages= 355-60 | pmid=27688576 | doi=10.1016/S0377-1237(08)80021-4 | pmc=5035253 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27688576  }} </ref>
***[[Protein S deficiency|Protein C or S deficiency]]<ref name="pmid25674132">{{cite journal| author=Ali N, Ayyub M, Khan SA| title=High prevalence of protein C, protein S, antithrombin deficiency, and Factor V Leiden mutation as a cause of hereditary thrombophilia in patients of venous thromboembolism and cerebrovascular accident. | journal=Pak J Med Sci | year= 2014 | volume= 30 | issue= 6 | pages= 1323-6 | pmid=25674132 | doi=10.12669/pjms.306.5878 | pmc=4320724 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25674132  }} </ref>
***Increased [[factor VIII]]<ref name="pmid24920982">{{cite journal| author=Bucurescu S| title=Recurrent cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in a patient with increased factor VIII activity, increased lipoprotein (a) level and leukocytosis: a case report. | journal=J Vasc Interv Neurol | year= 2014 | volume= 7 | issue= 1 | pages= 8-10 | pmid=24920982 | doi= | pmc=4051910 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24920982  }} </ref>
**Acquired [[thrombophilic disorders]] such as:
***[[Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome]]<ref name="pmid26049680">{{cite journal| author=Rudich DS, Yun SH, Liebling A, Silbert JE, Moeckel GW, Lesser RL| title=Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome: Raised Intracranial Pressure Without Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis. | journal=J Neuroophthalmol | year= 2015 | volume= 35 | issue= 4 | pages= 396-9 | pmid=26049680 | doi=10.1097/WNO.0000000000000277 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26049680  }} </ref>
***[[Hyperhomocysteinemia]]<ref name="pmid17685134">{{cite journal| author=Shen HC, Lo YK, Li JY, Lai PH| title=Familial hyperhomocysteinemia-related cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a case report. | journal=Acta Neurol Taiwan | year= 2007 | volume= 16 | issue= 2 | pages= 98-101 | pmid=17685134 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17685134  }} </ref>
***[[Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia]]<ref name="pmid29095327">{{cite journal| author=Gleichgerrcht E, Lim MY, Turan TN| title=Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Due to Low-molecular-weight Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia. | journal=Neurologist | year= 2017 | volume= 22 | issue= 6 | pages= 241-244 | pmid=29095327 | doi=10.1097/NRL.0000000000000146 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29095327  }} </ref>
**[[Pregnancy]]<ref name="pmid27146007">{{cite journal| author=López F, Santamarta E, Martínez P, Sáiz-Ayala A, Llorente JL| title=Cavernous sinus thrombosis during pregnancy. | journal=Auris Nasus Larynx | year= 2017 | volume= 44 | issue= 2 | pages= 232-236 | pmid=27146007 | doi=10.1016/j.anl.2016.04.006 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27146007  }} </ref>
**[[Obesity]]<ref name="pmid26974867">{{cite journal| author=Zuurbier SM, Arnold M, Middeldorp S, Broeg-Morvay A, Silvis SM, Heldner MR et al.| title=Risk of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in Obese Women. | journal=JAMA Neurol | year= 2016 | volume= 73 | issue= 5 | pages= 579-84 | pmid=26974867 | doi=10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.0001 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26974867  }} </ref>
**[[Dehydration]]<ref name="pmid29362285">{{cite journal| author=Kawahara I, Toyoda K, Hirose M, Kitagawa N| title=[Rapid Recanalization of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Secondary to Severe Dehydration:A Case Report]. | journal=No Shinkei Geka | year= 2018 | volume= 46 | issue= 1 | pages= 47-52 | pmid=29362285 | doi=10.11477/mf.1436203674 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29362285  }} </ref>
**[[Autoimmune disease]]<ref name="pmid28798906">{{cite journal| author=Ichord R| title=Cerebral Sinovenous Thrombosis. | journal=Front Pediatr | year= 2017 | volume= 5 | issue=  | pages= 163 | pmid=28798906 | doi=10.3389/fped.2017.00163 | pmc=5529336 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28798906  }} </ref>
**[[Diabetes|Uncontrolled diabetes]]<ref name="pmid14370762">{{cite journal| author=RUSSELL A, FEARING SJ| title=Cavernous sinus thrombosis in a diabetic; report of a case. | journal=Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol | year= 1955 | volume= 8 | issue= 4 | pages= 372-7 | pmid=14370762 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14370762  }} </ref>
**[[Steroid|Steroid use]]<ref name="pmid27928417">{{cite journal| author=Weerasinghe D, Lueck CJ| title=Septic Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis: Case Report and Review of the Literature. | journal=Neuroophthalmology | year= 2016 | volume= 40 | issue= 6 | pages= 263-276 | pmid=27928417 | doi=10.1080/01658107.2016.1230138 | pmc=5120738 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27928417  }} </ref>
**[[Chemotherapy]]<ref name="pmid22567255">{{cite journal| author=Sasidharan PK| title=Cerebral vein thrombosis misdiagnosed and mismanaged. | journal=Thrombosis | year= 2012 | volume= 2012 | issue=  | pages= 210676 | pmid=22567255 | doi=10.1155/2012/210676 | pmc=3337512 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22567255  }} </ref>
**[[Oral contraceptives]] or [[hormone replacement therapy]]<ref name="pmid27695236">{{cite journal| author=Yadegari S, Ghorbani A, Miri SR, Abdollahi M, Rostami M| title=Clinical features, risk factors, and outcome of cerebral venous thrombosis in Tehran, Iran. | journal=J Neurosci Rural Pract | year= 2016 | volume= 7 | issue= 4 | pages= 554-558 | pmid=27695236 | doi=10.4103/0976-3147.185512 | pmc=5006468 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27695236  }} </ref>
**[[Inflammatory bowel disease|Inflammatory bowel diseases]]<ref name="pmid26246095">{{cite journal| author=Selvitop O, Poretti A, Huisman TA, Wagner MW| title=Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis in a child with Crohn's disease, otitis media, and meningitis. | journal=Neuroradiol J | year= 2015 | volume= 28 | issue= 3 | pages= 274-7 | pmid=26246095 | doi=10.1177/1971400915589688 | pmc=4757291 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26246095  }} </ref>
===Less Common Risk Factors===
*Less common risk factors in the development of cavernous sinus thrombosis include:
**[[Puerperium]]<ref name="pmid19107452">{{cite journal| author=Jungmann V, Werner R, Bergmann J, Daum J, Wöhrle JC, Dünnebacke J et al.| title=[Postpartum cerebral venous sinus thrombosis after epidural anaesthesia]. | journal=Anaesthesist | year= 2009 | volume= 58 | issue= 3 | pages= 268-72 | pmid=19107452 | doi=10.1007/s00101-008-1490-z | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19107452  }} </ref>
**[[Fibrous thyroiditis]]<ref name="pmid9777750">{{cite journal| author=Vaidya B, Coulthard A, Goonetilleke A, Burn DJ, James RA, Kendall-Taylor P| title=Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: a late sequel of invasive fibrous thyroiditis. | journal=Thyroid | year= 1998 | volume= 8 | issue= 9 | pages= 787-90 | pmid=9777750 | doi=10.1089/thy.1998.8.787 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9777750  }} </ref>
**[[Arteriovenous malformation|Arterio-venous malformations]]<ref name="pmid12208718">{{cite journal| author=Stiebel-Kalish H, Setton A, Nimii Y, Kalish Y, Hartman J, Huna Bar-On R et al.| title=Cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous malformations: patterns of venous drainage are related to clinical signs and symptoms. | journal=Ophthalmology | year= 2002 | volume= 109 | issue= 9 | pages= 1685-91 | pmid=12208718 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12208718  }} </ref>
**[[Immunosuppression]]<ref name="pmid9701272">{{cite journal| author=Bertz H, Laubenberger J, Steinfurth G, Finke J| title=Sinus venous thrombosis: an unusual cause for neurologic symptoms after bone marrow transplantation under immunosuppression. | journal=Transplantation | year= 1998 | volume= 66 | issue= 2 | pages= 241-4 | pmid=9701272 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9701272  }} </ref>
Patients with [disease name]] may have a positive history of:
Patients with [disease name]] may have a positive history of:
*[History finding 1]
*[History finding 1]
Line 21: Line 62:
*[History finding 3]
*[History finding 3]


===Common Symptoms===
===Symptoms===
Common symptoms of [disease] include:
The symptoms of cavernous sinus thrombosis may vary depend on the anatomical structures involved.<ref name="pmid25247150">{{cite journal| author=Yeo GS, Kim HY, Kim H, Kwak EJ, Jung YS, Park HS et al.| title=Cavernous sinus thrombosis caused by a dental infection: a case report. | journal=J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg | year= 2014 | volume= 40 | issue= 4 | pages= 195-8 | pmid=25247150 | doi=10.5125/jkaoms.2014.40.4.195 | pmc=4170663 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25247150  }} </ref>
*[Symptom 1]
* The most common symptoms of cavernous sinus thrombosis include:
*[Symptom 2]
** Severe holocranial and bifrontal [[headache]] whit increasing severity<ref name="pmid25247150">{{cite journal| author=Yeo GS, Kim HY, Kim H, Kwak EJ, Jung YS, Park HS et al.| title=Cavernous sinus thrombosis caused by a dental infection: a case report. | journal=J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg | year= 2014 | volume= 40 | issue= 4 | pages= 195-8 | pmid=25247150 | doi=10.5125/jkaoms.2014.40.4.195 | pmc=4170663 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25247150  }} </ref><ref name="pmid28936075">{{cite journal| author=Botta R, Donirpathi S, Yadav R, Kulkarni GB, Kumar MV, Nagaraja D| title=Headache Patterns in Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis. | journal=J Neurosci Rural Pract | year= 2017 | volume= 8 | issue= Suppl 1 | pages= S72-S77 | pmid=28936075 | doi=10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_339_16 | pmc=5602266 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28936075  }} </ref><ref name="pmid25917067">{{cite journal| author=Mallick A, Pathak SD, Shankar S, Sati A| title=Early cavernous sinus thrombosis following unilateral pansinusitis in a child. | journal=BMJ Case Rep | year= 2015 | volume= 2015 | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=25917067 | doi=10.1136/bcr-2014-208441 | pmc=4422932 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25917067  }} </ref>
*[Symptom 3]
**[[Fever]]<ref name="pmid25247150">{{cite journal| author=Yeo GS, Kim HY, Kim H, Kwak EJ, Jung YS, Park HS et al.| title=Cavernous sinus thrombosis caused by a dental infection: a case report. | journal=J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg | year= 2014 | volume= 40 | issue= 4 | pages= 195-8 | pmid=25247150 | doi=10.5125/jkaoms.2014.40.4.195 | pmc=4170663 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25247150  }} </ref><ref name="pmid28936075" /><ref name="pmid25917067">{{cite journal| author=Mallick A, Pathak SD, Shankar S, Sati A| title=Early cavernous sinus thrombosis following unilateral pansinusitis in a child. | journal=BMJ Case Rep | year= 2015 | volume= 2015 | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=25917067 | doi=10.1136/bcr-2014-208441 | pmc=4422932 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25917067  }} </ref>
**[[Proptosis]]<ref name="pmid25247150">{{cite journal| author=Yeo GS, Kim HY, Kim H, Kwak EJ, Jung YS, Park HS et al.| title=Cavernous sinus thrombosis caused by a dental infection: a case report. | journal=J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg | year= 2014 | volume= 40 | issue= 4 | pages= 195-8 | pmid=25247150 | doi=10.5125/jkaoms.2014.40.4.195 | pmc=4170663 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25247150  }} </ref>
** [[Chemosis]]<ref name="pmid25247150">{{cite journal| author=Yeo GS, Kim HY, Kim H, Kwak EJ, Jung YS, Park HS et al.| title=Cavernous sinus thrombosis caused by a dental infection: a case report. | journal=J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg | year= 2014 | volume= 40 | issue= 4 | pages= 195-8 | pmid=25247150 | doi=10.5125/jkaoms.2014.40.4.195 | pmc=4170663 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25247150  }} </ref>
** [[Ophthalmoplegia|External ophthalmoplegia]]<ref name="pmid25247150">{{cite journal| author=Yeo GS, Kim HY, Kim H, Kwak EJ, Jung YS, Park HS et al.| title=Cavernous sinus thrombosis caused by a dental infection: a case report. | journal=J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg | year= 2014 | volume= 40 | issue= 4 | pages= 195-8 | pmid=25247150 | doi=10.5125/jkaoms.2014.40.4.195 | pmc=4170663 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25247150  }} </ref><ref name="pmid25917067">{{cite journal| author=Mallick A, Pathak SD, Shankar S, Sati A| title=Early cavernous sinus thrombosis following unilateral pansinusitis in a child. | journal=BMJ Case Rep | year= 2015 | volume= 2015 | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=25917067 | doi=10.1136/bcr-2014-208441 | pmc=4422932 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25917067  }} </ref>
** Periorbital swelling and redness in one or both eyes<ref name="pmid25247150">{{cite journal| author=Yeo GS, Kim HY, Kim H, Kwak EJ, Jung YS, Park HS et al.| title=Cavernous sinus thrombosis caused by a dental infection: a case report. | journal=J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg | year= 2014 | volume= 40 | issue= 4 | pages= 195-8 | pmid=25247150 | doi=10.5125/jkaoms.2014.40.4.195 | pmc=4170663 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25247150  }} </ref><ref name="pmid25917067">{{cite journal| author=Mallick A, Pathak SD, Shankar S, Sati A| title=Early cavernous sinus thrombosis following unilateral pansinusitis in a child. | journal=BMJ Case Rep | year= 2015 | volume= 2015 | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=25917067 | doi=10.1136/bcr-2014-208441 | pmc=4422932 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25917067  }} </ref>


===Less Common Symptoms===
* Other symptoms of cavernous sinus thrombosis include:
Less common symptoms of [disease name] include
** [[Ptosis|Drooping eyelids]]<ref name="pmid25247150">{{cite journal| author=Yeo GS, Kim HY, Kim H, Kwak EJ, Jung YS, Park HS et al.| title=Cavernous sinus thrombosis caused by a dental infection: a case report. | journal=J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg | year= 2014 | volume= 40 | issue= 4 | pages= 195-8 | pmid=25247150 | doi=10.5125/jkaoms.2014.40.4.195 | pmc=4170663 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25247150  }} </ref><ref name="pmid25917067">{{cite journal| author=Mallick A, Pathak SD, Shankar S, Sati A| title=Early cavernous sinus thrombosis following unilateral pansinusitis in a child. | journal=BMJ Case Rep | year= 2015 | volume= 2015 | issue=  | pages= | pmid=25917067 | doi=10.1136/bcr-2014-208441 | pmc=4422932 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25917067  }} </ref>
*[Symptom 1]
** [[Decreased visual acuity]]<ref name="pmid25247150">{{cite journal| author=Yeo GS, Kim HY, Kim H, Kwak EJ, Jung YS, Park HS et al.| title=Cavernous sinus thrombosis caused by a dental infection: a case report. | journal=J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg | year= 2014 | volume= 40 | issue= 4 | pages= 195-8 | pmid=25247150 | doi=10.5125/jkaoms.2014.40.4.195 | pmc=4170663 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25247150  }} </ref><ref name="pmid25917067">{{cite journal| author=Mallick A, Pathak SD, Shankar S, Sati A| title=Early cavernous sinus thrombosis following unilateral pansinusitis in a child. | journal=BMJ Case Rep | year= 2015 | volume= 2015 | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=25917067 | doi=10.1136/bcr-2014-208441 | pmc=4422932 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25917067  }} </ref>
*[Symptom 2]
** [[Vision loss]] or [[double vision]]<ref name="pmid25917067">{{cite journal| author=Mallick A, Pathak SD, Shankar S, Sati A| title=Early cavernous sinus thrombosis following unilateral pansinusitis in a child. | journal=BMJ Case Rep | year= 2015 | volume= 2015 | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=25917067 | doi=10.1136/bcr-2014-208441 | pmc=4422932 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25917067  }} </ref>
*[Symptom 3]
** Inability to move the eye<ref name="pmid25917067">{{cite journal| author=Mallick A, Pathak SD, Shankar S, Sati A| title=Early cavernous sinus thrombosis following unilateral pansinusitis in a child. | journal=BMJ Case Rep | year= 2015 | volume= 2015 | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=25917067 | doi=10.1136/bcr-2014-208441 | pmc=4422932 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25917067  }} </ref>
** Periorbital sensory loss<ref name="pmid25247150">{{cite journal| author=Yeo GS, Kim HY, Kim H, Kwak EJ, Jung YS, Park HS et al.| title=Cavernous sinus thrombosis caused by a dental infection: a case report. | journal=J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg | year= 2014 | volume= 40 | issue= 4 | pages= 195-8 | pmid=25247150 | doi=10.5125/jkaoms.2014.40.4.195 | pmc=4170663 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25247150  }} </ref>
** Pain or numbness around the face or eyes<ref name="pmid25247150">{{cite journal| author=Yeo GS, Kim HY, Kim H, Kwak EJ, Jung YS, Park HS et al.| title=Cavernous sinus thrombosis caused by a dental infection: a case report. | journal=J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg | year= 2014 | volume= 40 | issue= 4 | pages= 195-8 | pmid=25247150 | doi=10.5125/jkaoms.2014.40.4.195 | pmc=4170663 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25247150  }} </ref>
** Fatigue<ref name="pmid25247150">{{cite journal| author=Yeo GS, Kim HY, Kim H, Kwak EJ, Jung YS, Park HS et al.| title=Cavernous sinus thrombosis caused by a dental infection: a case report. | journal=J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg | year= 2014 | volume= 40 | issue= 4 | pages= 195-8 | pmid=25247150 | doi=10.5125/jkaoms.2014.40.4.195 | pmc=4170663 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25247150  }} </ref>
** [[Seizure]]<nowiki/>s<ref name="pmid29039017">{{cite journal| author=Sha DJ, Qian J, Gu SS, Wang LN, Wang F, Xu Y| title=Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis complicated by seizures: a retrospective analysis of 69 cases. | journal=J Thromb Thrombolysis | year= 2018 | volume= 45 | issue= 1 | pages= 186-191 | pmid=29039017 | doi=10.1007/s11239-017-1570-5 | pmc=5756278 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29039017  }} </ref>
** [[Lethargy]]<ref name="pmid25247150">{{cite journal| author=Yeo GS, Kim HY, Kim H, Kwak EJ, Jung YS, Park HS et al.| title=Cavernous sinus thrombosis caused by a dental infection: a case report. | journal=J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg | year= 2014 | volume= 40 | issue= 4 | pages= 195-8 | pmid=25247150 | doi=10.5125/jkaoms.2014.40.4.195 | pmc=4170663 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25247150  }} </ref>


==References==
==References==
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==History and Symptoms ==
* Presentation may be acute (<48h) in a third, subacute (48h – 30 days) in a third, or chronic (>30 days) in a third.
* Patterns
*:* Isolated intracranial hypertension:
*:*:* HA (headache)
*:*:* Papilledema
*:*:* Sixth nerve palsy
*:* Mimicks pseudotumor cerebri, is most homogeneous presentation, and accounts for almost half of all presentations
*:* HA is nonspecific, sometimes with vomiting
*:* Focal cerebral signs:
*:*:* Quite heterogeneous, often reflecting focal areas of stroke, or seizure activity
*:* Cavernous sinus syndrome:
*:*:* Chemosis
*:*:* Proptosis
*:*:* Painful ophthalmoplegia
*:*:* CN III, IV, and VI findings
*:* Unilateral or bilateral
*:* Other:
*:*:* HA alone
*:*:* Seizure
*:*:* Psychiatric disturbance
== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]

Overview

History and Symptoms

History

2222222

Less Common Risk Factors





Patients with [disease name]] may have a positive history of:

  • [History finding 1]
  • [History finding 2]
  • [History finding 3]

Symptoms

The symptoms of cavernous sinus thrombosis may vary depend on the anatomical structures involved.[25]

References

  1. ↑ Saadatnia M, Fatehi F, Basiri K, Mousavi SA, Mehr GK (2009). "Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis risk factors". Int J Stroke. 4 (2): 111–23. doi:10.1111/j.1747-4949.2009.00260.x. PMID 19383052.
  2. ↑ Hickey WF, Garnick MB, Henderson IC, Dawson DM (1982). "Primary cerebral venous thrombosis in patients with cancer--a rarely diagnosed paraneoplastic syndrome. Report of three cases and review of the literature". Am J Med. 73 (5): 740–50. PMID 6753578.
  3. ↑ Aggarwal K, Rastogi S, Joshi A, Kumar A, Chaurasia A, Prakash R (2017). "Cavernous sinus thrombosis following dental extraction: a rare case report and forgotten entity". J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg. 43 (5): 351–355. doi:10.5125/jkaoms.2017.43.5.351. PMC 5685866. PMID 29142871.
  4. ↑ Zuber M, Toulon P, Marnet L, Mas JL (1996). "Factor V Leiden mutation in cerebral venous thrombosis". Stroke. 27 (10): 1721–3. PMID 8841317.
  5. ↑ Attia TH, Fawzi HA, Desouki IS (2015). "Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in heterozygous prothrombin G20210A mutation in Egyptian child, with an excellent outcome". Oxf Med Case Reports. 2015 (5): 284–7. doi:10.1093/omcr/omv035. PMC 4434574. PMID 26019885.
  6. ↑ Kumaravelu S, Gupta A, Singh KK (2008). "Cerebral Venous Thrombosis". Med J Armed Forces India. 64 (4): 355–60. doi:10.1016/S0377-1237(08)80021-4. PMC 5035253. PMID 27688576.
  7. ↑ Ali N, Ayyub M, Khan SA (2014). "High prevalence of protein C, protein S, antithrombin deficiency, and Factor V Leiden mutation as a cause of hereditary thrombophilia in patients of venous thromboembolism and cerebrovascular accident". Pak J Med Sci. 30 (6): 1323–6. doi:10.12669/pjms.306.5878. PMC 4320724. PMID 25674132.
  8. ↑ Bucurescu S (2014). "Recurrent cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in a patient with increased factor VIII activity, increased lipoprotein (a) level and leukocytosis: a case report". J Vasc Interv Neurol. 7 (1): 8–10. PMC 4051910. PMID 24920982.
  9. ↑ Rudich DS, Yun SH, Liebling A, Silbert JE, Moeckel GW, Lesser RL (2015). "Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome: Raised Intracranial Pressure Without Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis". J Neuroophthalmol. 35 (4): 396–9. doi:10.1097/WNO.0000000000000277. PMID 26049680.
  10. ↑ Shen HC, Lo YK, Li JY, Lai PH (2007). "Familial hyperhomocysteinemia-related cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a case report". Acta Neurol Taiwan. 16 (2): 98–101. PMID 17685134.
  11. ↑ Gleichgerrcht E, Lim MY, Turan TN (2017). "Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Due to Low-molecular-weight Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia". Neurologist. 22 (6): 241–244. doi:10.1097/NRL.0000000000000146. PMID 29095327.
  12. ↑ López F, Santamarta E, Martínez P, Sáiz-Ayala A, Llorente JL (2017). "Cavernous sinus thrombosis during pregnancy". Auris Nasus Larynx. 44 (2): 232–236. doi:10.1016/j.anl.2016.04.006. PMID 27146007.
  13. ↑ Zuurbier SM, Arnold M, Middeldorp S, Broeg-Morvay A, Silvis SM, Heldner MR; et al. (2016). "Risk of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in Obese Women". JAMA Neurol. 73 (5): 579–84. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.0001. PMID 26974867.
  14. ↑ Kawahara I, Toyoda K, Hirose M, Kitagawa N (2018). "[Rapid Recanalization of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Secondary to Severe Dehydration:A Case Report]". No Shinkei Geka. 46 (1): 47–52. doi:10.11477/mf.1436203674. PMID 29362285.
  15. ↑ Ichord R (2017). "Cerebral Sinovenous Thrombosis". Front Pediatr. 5: 163. doi:10.3389/fped.2017.00163. PMC 5529336. PMID 28798906.
  16. ↑ RUSSELL A, FEARING SJ (1955). "Cavernous sinus thrombosis in a diabetic; report of a case". Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 8 (4): 372–7. PMID 14370762.
  17. ↑ Weerasinghe D, Lueck CJ (2016). "Septic Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis: Case Report and Review of the Literature". Neuroophthalmology. 40 (6): 263–276. doi:10.1080/01658107.2016.1230138. PMC 5120738. PMID 27928417.
  18. ↑ Sasidharan PK (2012). "Cerebral vein thrombosis misdiagnosed and mismanaged". Thrombosis. 2012: 210676. doi:10.1155/2012/210676. PMC 3337512. PMID 22567255.
  19. ↑ Yadegari S, Ghorbani A, Miri SR, Abdollahi M, Rostami M (2016). "Clinical features, risk factors, and outcome of cerebral venous thrombosis in Tehran, Iran". J Neurosci Rural Pract. 7 (4): 554–558. doi:10.4103/0976-3147.185512. PMC 5006468. PMID 27695236.
  20. ↑ Selvitop O, Poretti A, Huisman TA, Wagner MW (2015). "Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis in a child with Crohn's disease, otitis media, and meningitis". Neuroradiol J. 28 (3): 274–7. doi:10.1177/1971400915589688. PMC 4757291. PMID 26246095.
  21. ↑ Jungmann V, Werner R, Bergmann J, Daum J, Wöhrle JC, Dünnebacke J; et al. (2009). "[Postpartum cerebral venous sinus thrombosis after epidural anaesthesia]". Anaesthesist. 58 (3): 268–72. doi:10.1007/s00101-008-1490-z. PMID 19107452.
  22. ↑ Vaidya B, Coulthard A, Goonetilleke A, Burn DJ, James RA, Kendall-Taylor P (1998). "Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: a late sequel of invasive fibrous thyroiditis". Thyroid. 8 (9): 787–90. doi:10.1089/thy.1998.8.787. PMID 9777750.
  23. ↑ Stiebel-Kalish H, Setton A, Nimii Y, Kalish Y, Hartman J, Huna Bar-On R; et al. (2002). "Cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous malformations: patterns of venous drainage are related to clinical signs and symptoms". Ophthalmology. 109 (9): 1685–91. PMID 12208718.
  24. ↑ Bertz H, Laubenberger J, Steinfurth G, Finke J (1998). "Sinus venous thrombosis: an unusual cause for neurologic symptoms after bone marrow transplantation under immunosuppression". Transplantation. 66 (2): 241–4. PMID 9701272.
  25. ↑ 25.00 25.01 25.02 25.03 25.04 25.05 25.06 25.07 25.08 25.09 25.10 25.11 25.12 Yeo GS, Kim HY, Kim H, Kwak EJ, Jung YS, Park HS; et al. (2014). "Cavernous sinus thrombosis caused by a dental infection: a case report". J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg. 40 (4): 195–8. doi:10.5125/jkaoms.2014.40.4.195. PMC 4170663. PMID 25247150.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Botta R, Donirpathi S, Yadav R, Kulkarni GB, Kumar MV, Nagaraja D (2017). "Headache Patterns in Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis". J Neurosci Rural Pract. 8 (Suppl 1): S72–S77. doi:10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_339_16. PMC 5602266. PMID 28936075.
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 27.4 27.5 27.6 27.7 Mallick A, Pathak SD, Shankar S, Sati A (2015). "Early cavernous sinus thrombosis following unilateral pansinusitis in a child". BMJ Case Rep. 2015. doi:10.1136/bcr-2014-208441. PMC 4422932. PMID 25917067.
  28. ↑ Sha DJ, Qian J, Gu SS, Wang LN, Wang F, Xu Y (2018). "Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis complicated by seizures: a retrospective analysis of 69 cases". J Thromb Thrombolysis. 45 (1): 186–191. doi:10.1007/s11239-017-1570-5. PMC 5756278. PMID 29039017.

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