Hypocalcemia medical therapy: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
| Line 8: | Line 8: | ||
==Medical Therapy== | ==Medical Therapy== | ||
* Pharmacologic medical therapies for [[hypocalcemia]] include [[calcium]], [[vitamin D]] [[Calcium gluconate|, calcium gluconate]] | * Pharmacologic medical therapies for [[hypocalcemia]] include [[calcium]], [[vitamin D]] [[Calcium gluconate|, calcium gluconate]]<ref name="pmid231481472">{{cite journal |vauthors=Carroll R, Matfin G |title=Endocrine and metabolic emergencies: hypocalcaemia |journal=Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=29–33 |date=February 2010 |pmid=23148147 |pmc=3474611 |doi=10.1177/2042018810366494 |url=}}</ref> | ||
* Patients who are presenting with asymptomatic hypocalcemia symptoms it is important to repeat the levels of ionized calcium and confirm it. | * Patients who are presenting with asymptomatic hypocalcemia symptoms it is important to repeat the levels of ionized calcium and confirm it. | ||
==== THERAPEUTIC APPROACH ==== | ==== THERAPEUTIC APPROACH ==== | ||
* Patients who are presenting with hypocalcemia we recommend intravenous (IV) calcium especially who are showing the following features | * Patients who are presenting with hypocalcemia we recommend intravenous (IV) calcium especially who are showing the following features<ref name="pmid23148147">{{cite journal |vauthors=Carroll R, Matfin G |title=Endocrine and metabolic emergencies: hypocalcaemia |journal=Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=29–33 |date=February 2010 |pmid=23148147 |pmc=3474611 |doi=10.1177/2042018810366494 |url=}}</ref> | ||
** Patients who have prolonged QT interval. | ** Patients who have prolonged QT interval. | ||
** Patients who are having serum corrected calcium to ≤7.5 mg/dL. | ** Patients who are having serum corrected calcium to ≤7.5 mg/dL. | ||
Revision as of 16:51, 10 July 2018
|
Hypocalcemia Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Hypocalcemia medical therapy On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Hypocalcemia medical therapy |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Hypocalcemia medical therapy |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vamsikrishna Gunnam M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
Cause, severity and the presence of symptoms decide the treatment of hypocalcemia. In mild to moderate cases hypocalcemia can be treated by giving oral calcium and vitamin D supplements but in severe cases intravenous (IV) calcium gluconate is preferred. Most of the hypocalcemic cases are mild and require only supportive treatment and laboratory evaluation.
Medical Therapy
- Pharmacologic medical therapies for hypocalcemia include calcium, vitamin D , calcium gluconate[1]
- Patients who are presenting with asymptomatic hypocalcemia symptoms it is important to repeat the levels of ionized calcium and confirm it.
THERAPEUTIC APPROACH
- Patients who are presenting with hypocalcemia we recommend intravenous (IV) calcium especially who are showing the following features[2]
- Patients who have prolonged QT interval.
- Patients who are having serum corrected calcium to ≤7.5 mg/dL.
- Patients who are positive for clinical symptoms like carpopedal spasm, tetany, seizures.
- Patients who are presenting with milder symptoms of neuromuscular irritability like paresthesias and corrected calcium levels more than 7.5 mg/dL treating with oral calcium and vitamin D supplements is of first choice.
- Patients with milder hypocalcemia who are on the oral supplements and shows no sign of improvement the next best best step in treating would be switching to IV calcium.
- And patients who are requiring intravenous (IV) repletion should be admitted.
- Preferred regimen (1): Elemental calcium 1-3 g/d.
Severe Hypocalcemia
Contraindicated medications
Hypocalcemia is considered an absolute contraindication to the use of the following medications:
References
- ↑ Carroll R, Matfin G (February 2010). "Endocrine and metabolic emergencies: hypocalcaemia". Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 1 (1): 29–33. doi:10.1177/2042018810366494. PMC 3474611. PMID 23148147.
- ↑ Carroll R, Matfin G (February 2010). "Endocrine and metabolic emergencies: hypocalcaemia". Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 1 (1): 29–33. doi:10.1177/2042018810366494. PMC 3474611. PMID 23148147.