Hypocalcemia physical examination: Difference between revisions
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==== Neuromuscular ==== | ==== Neuromuscular ==== | ||
* [[Chvostek's sign]]: Elicited by tapping the skin over the facial nerve anterior to the external auditory meatus. | * [[Chvostek's sign]]: Elicited by tapping the skin over the facial nerve anterior to the external auditory meatus.<ref name="JesusLandry2012">{{cite journal|last1=Jesus|first1=John Edwin|last2=Landry|first2=Alden|title=Chvostek's and Trousseau's Signs|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=367|issue=11|year=2012|pages=e15|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMicm1110569}}</ref> | ||
* [[Trousseau's sign]]: Elicited by inflation of a blood pressure cuff to 20 mm Hg above the patient's systolic blood pressure for 3-5 minutes. | * [[Trousseau's sign]]: Elicited by inflation of a blood pressure cuff to 20 mm Hg above the patient's systolic blood pressure for 3-5 minutes.<ref name="JesusLandry20122">{{cite journal|last1=Jesus|first1=John Edwin|last2=Landry|first2=Alden|title=Chvostek's and Trousseau's Signs|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=367|issue=11|year=2012|pages=e15|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMicm1110569}}</ref> | ||
* [[Paresthesias]] | * [[Paresthesias]] | ||
* [[Tetany]] | * [[Tetany]] | ||
Revision as of 18:11, 16 July 2018
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Hypocalcemia Microchapters |
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Hypocalcemia physical examination On the Web |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Hypocalcemia physical examination |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vamsikrishna Gunnam M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
The clinical manifestations of hypocalcemia depend on the degree of hypocalcemia. Common physical examination findings of hypocalcemia include Chvostek's sign, Trousseau's sign, and circumoral numbness.
Physical Examination
Physical examination of patients with hypocalcemia shows the following
Appearance of the Patient
- Patients with hypocalcemia usually appear confused,disoriented,fatigue.
Skin
- Dry skin
- Coarse hair
- Brittle nails
- Alopecia
- Enamel hypoplasia
- Shortened premolar roots
- Thickened lamina dura
- Delayed tooth eruption
- Increased dental caries
- Atopic eczema
- Exfoliative dermatitis
- Psoriasis
- Impetigo herpetiformis
HEENT
- Subcapsular cataracts
- Papilledema
Neuromuscular
- Chvostek's sign: Elicited by tapping the skin over the facial nerve anterior to the external auditory meatus.[1]
- Trousseau's sign: Elicited by inflation of a blood pressure cuff to 20 mm Hg above the patient's systolic blood pressure for 3-5 minutes.[2]
- Paresthesias
- Tetany
- Seizures (focal, petit mal, grand mal)
- Muscle cramps
- Muscle weakness
- Laryngospasm
- Bronchospasm
Neurological signs
- Extrapyramidal signs due to calcification of basal ganglia
- Calcification of cerebral cortex or cerebellum
- Personality disturbances
- Irritability
- Impaired intellectual ability
- Nonspecific EEG changes
- Increased intracranial pressure
- Parkinsonism
- Choreoathetosis
- Dystonic spasm
- Confusion
- Disorientation
- Psychosis
- Fatigue
- Anxiety
- Poor memory
- Reduced concentration
- Confusion
- Disorientation
- Psychosis
- Fatigue
- Anxiety
- Poor memory
- Reduced concentration
Abdomen
Lungs
Heart
- Prolonged QT interval on EKG
- Congestive heart failure
- Cardiomyopathy
References
- ↑ Jesus, John Edwin; Landry, Alden (2012). "Chvostek's and Trousseau's Signs". New England Journal of Medicine. 367 (11): e15. doi:10.1056/NEJMicm1110569. ISSN 0028-4793.
- ↑ Jesus, John Edwin; Landry, Alden (2012). "Chvostek's and Trousseau's Signs". New England Journal of Medicine. 367 (11): e15. doi:10.1056/NEJMicm1110569. ISSN 0028-4793.