Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Despite the wide variety of diseases that cause RPGN, all types of RPGN are characterized by glomeruluar injury and the formation of crescents. Severe injury and GBM rupture leads to the leakage of [[plasma protein]]s through the GBM. Of these proteins, [[fibrin]] is thought to contribute most strongly to crescent formation. [[Epithelial cell]]s lining the [[Bowman capsule]] respond to the leaked fibrin and proliferate. Infiltrating [[white blood cell]]s such as [[monocyte]]s and [[macrophage]]s may also proliferate. These proliferating cells surround and compress the glomerulus, forming a crescent-shaped scar that is readily visible on [[light microscopy]] of a [[renal biopsy]].<ref name="robbins"/> | Despite the wide variety of diseases that cause RPGN, all types of RPGN are characterized by glomeruluar injury and the formation of crescents. Severe injury and GBM rupture leads to the leakage of [[plasma protein]]s through the GBM. Of these proteins, [[fibrin]] is thought to contribute most strongly to crescent formation. [[Epithelial cell]]s lining the [[Bowman capsule]] respond to the leaked fibrin and proliferate. Infiltrating [[white blood cell]]s such as [[monocyte]]s and [[macrophage]]s may also proliferate. These proliferating cells surround and compress the glomerulus, forming a crescent-shaped scar that is readily visible on [[light microscopy]] of a [[renal biopsy]].<ref name="robbins" /> | ||
==History and Symptoms== | ==History and Symptoms== | ||
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Severe disease is characterized by pronounced | Severe disease is characterized by pronounced | ||
*[[Oliguria]] | *[[Oliguria]] | ||
*[[aAnuria]] | *[[aAnuria|Anuria]] | ||
When the cause of RPGN is [[Goodpasture syndrome]] or [[vasculitis]] that involves the lungs (such as [[Wegener granulomatosis]]), the lungs and upper airway may be involved. Patients with such underlying diseases may present with: | When the cause of RPGN is [[Goodpasture syndrome]] or [[vasculitis]] that involves the lungs (such as [[Wegener granulomatosis]]), the lungs and upper airway may be involved. Patients with such underlying diseases may present with: | ||
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*[[Hemoptysis]] | *[[Hemoptysis]] | ||
*[[Dyspnea]] | *[[Dyspnea]] | ||
*Nasal bleeding, obstruction, or [[sinusitis]]. | *Nasal bleeding, obstruction, or [[sinusitis]]. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 13:39, 24 July 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Despite the wide variety of diseases that cause RPGN, all types of RPGN are characterized by glomeruluar injury and the formation of crescents. Severe injury and GBM rupture leads to the leakage of plasma proteins through the GBM. Of these proteins, fibrin is thought to contribute most strongly to crescent formation. Epithelial cells lining the Bowman capsule respond to the leaked fibrin and proliferate. Infiltrating white blood cells such as monocytes and macrophages may also proliferate. These proliferating cells surround and compress the glomerulus, forming a crescent-shaped scar that is readily visible on light microscopy of a renal biopsy.[1]
History and Symptoms
Most types of RPGN are characterized by severe and rapid loss of kidney function featuring:
- Severe hematuria (blood in the urine)
- Red blood cell casts in the urine
- proteinuria (protein in the urine)
Some patients also experience:
- Hypertension (high blood pressure)
- Edema (fluid retention)
Severe disease is characterized by pronounced
When the cause of RPGN is Goodpasture syndrome or vasculitis that involves the lungs (such as Wegener granulomatosis), the lungs and upper airway may be involved. Patients with such underlying diseases may present with:
- Cough
- Hemoptysis
- Dyspnea
- Nasal bleeding, obstruction, or sinusitis.
References
- ↑ Invalid
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