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| {{Spinal stenosis}} | | {{Spinal stenosis}} |
| {{CMG}} | | {{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{MMJ}} |
| | ==Overview== |
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| | ==Historical Perspective== |
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| | ==Classification== |
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| | ==Pathophysiology== |
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| | ==Causes== |
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| | ==Differentiating Xyz from Other Diseases== |
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| | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== |
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| | ==Risk Factors== |
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| | ==Screening== |
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| | ==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis== |
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| ==Overview==
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| '''Spinal stenosis''' is a [[medicine|medical]] condition in which the [[spinal canal]] narrows and compresses the [[spinal cord]] and [[nerves]]. This is usually due to the natural process of spinal degeneration that occurs with aging. It can also sometimes be caused by [[spinal disc herniation]], [[osteoporosis]], or a [[tumour]].
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| Spinal stenosis may affect the [[cervical vertebrae|cervical spine]], the [[lumbar vertebrae|lumbar spine]] or both. Lumbar spinal stenosis results in low [[back pain]] as well as [[Pain and nociception|pain]] or abnormal sensations in the [[leg]]s.
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| ==Diagnosis== | | ==Diagnosis== |
| | ===Diagnostic Study of Choice=== |
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| | ===History and Symptoms=== |
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| | ===Physical Examination=== |
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| | ===Laboratory Findings=== |
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| | ===Electrocardiogram=== |
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| | ===X-ray=== |
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| | ===Echocardiography and Ultrasound=== |
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| | ===CT scan=== |
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| ===MRI=== | | ===MRI=== |
| In the case of cervical spinal stenosis, the best diagnostic and investigative tool is [[magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI), while computed tomography (CT) is somewhat useful if MRI is unavailable. However, spinal stenosis can be found in asymptomatic patients.<ref name="pmid3588931">{{cite journal |author=Teresi LM, Lufkin RB, Reicher MA, ''et al'' |title=Asymptomatic degenerative disk disease and spondylosis of the cervical spine: MR imaging |journal=Radiology |volume=164 |issue=1 |pages=83-8 |year=1987 |pmid=3588931 |doi=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2398088">{{cite journal |author=Boden SD, McCowin PR, Davis DO, Dina TS, Mark AS, Wiesel S |title=Abnormal magnetic-resonance scans of the cervical spine in asymptomatic subjects. A prospective investigation |journal=The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume |volume=72|issue=8 |pages=1178-84 |year=1990 |pmid=2398088 |doi=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16129249">{{cite journal |author=Ernst CW, Stadnik TW, Peeters E, Breucq C, Osteaux MJ |title=Prevalence of annular tears and disc herniations on MR images of the cervical spine in symptom free volunteers |journal=European journal of radiology |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=409-14|year=2005 |pmid=16129249|doi=10.1016/j.ejrad.2004.11.003}}</ref> As with cervical spinal stenosis, MRI is the best imaging procedure for diagnosing lumbar spinal stenosis, though [[CT]] may also be somewhat useful and can be used if [[MRI]] is unavailable.
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| | ===Other Imaging Findings=== |
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| | ===Other Diagnostic Studies=== |
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| | ==Treatment== |
| | ===Medical Therapy=== |
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| | === Interventions === |
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| | ===Surgery=== |
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| | ===Primary Prevention=== |
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| | ===Secondary Prevention=== |
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
| {{reflist|2}} | | {{reflist|2}} |
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| [[Category:Skeletal disorders]] | | {{WikiDoc Sources}} |
| [[Category:Rheumatology]]
| | [[Category: (name of the system)]] |
| [[Category:Orthopedics]]
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