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{{ Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria }}
{{Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria }}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}  
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}  


==Overview==
==Overview==
==Historical Perspective==
==Historical Perspective==
The first description of paroxysmal hemoglobinuria was by the German physician Paul Strübing (1852).<ref>Strübing P. Paroxysmale Hämoglobinurie. ''Dtsch Med Wochenschr'' 1882;8:1-3 and 17-21.</ref><ref>[http://www.whonamedit.com/synd.cfm/2918.html Whonamedit entry]</ref>A more detailed description was made by Dr Ettore Marchiafava and Dr Alessio Nazari in 1911,<ref>Marchiafava E, Nazari A. Nuovo contributo allo studio degli itteri cronici emolitici. ''Policlinico [Med]'' 1911;18:241-254.</ref> with further elaborations by Marchiafava in 1928<ref>Marchiafava E. Anemia emolitica con emosiderinuria perpetua. ''Policlinico [Med]'' 1928;35:105-117.</ref> and Dr Ferdinando Micheli in 1931.<ref>Micheli F. Uno caso di anemia emolitica con emosiderinuria perpetua. ''G Accad Med Torino'' 1931;13:148.</ref>
===Discovery===
===Discovery===
*[Disease name] was first discovered by [name of scientist], a [nationality + occupation], in [year]/during/following [event].
*In the 19th century, the European physicians conducted observational studies which resulted in establishment of Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) as a separate disease from paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria and march hemoglobinuria.  
 
*In 1815, Dr. Paul Strübing, a German physician, was the first to put the hypothesis of PNH. The hypothesis mentioned the abnormal hemolysis of the red blood cells due to increased plasma acidity in the night time.<ref>Strübing P. Paroxysmale Hämoglobinurie. ''Dtsch Med Wochenschr'' 1882;8:1-3 and 17-21.</ref><ref>[http://www.whonamedit.com/synd.cfm/2918.html Whonamedit entry]</ref>
*The association between [important risk factor/cause] and [disease name] was made in/during [year/event].
*Dr. Paul returned the abnormal hemolysis of the RBCs due to increased carbon dioxide gas as a result of the slow circulation nocturnally.
*In [year], [scientist] was the first to discover the association between [risk factor] and the development of [disease name].
*In 1911, Dr. Ettore Marchiafava and Dr. Alessio Nazari added a more description about PNH.<ref>Marchiafava E, Nazari A. Nuovo contributo allo studio degli itteri cronici emolitici. ''Policlinico [Med]'' 1911;18:241-254.</ref>
*In [year], [gene] mutations were first implicated in the pathogenesis of [disease name].
*In
 
==Outbreaks==
There have been several outbreaks of [disease name], which are summarized below:
 
==Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies==
In [year], [diagnostic test/therapy] was developed by [scientist] to treat/diagnose [disease name].
 
==Impact on Cultural History==
 
==Famous Cases==
The following are a few famous cases of [[disease name]]:


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 16:24, 10 August 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

Historical Perspective

Discovery

  • In the 19th century, the European physicians conducted observational studies which resulted in establishment of Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) as a separate disease from paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria and march hemoglobinuria.
  • In 1815, Dr. Paul Strübing, a German physician, was the first to put the hypothesis of PNH. The hypothesis mentioned the abnormal hemolysis of the red blood cells due to increased plasma acidity in the night time.[1][2]
  • Dr. Paul returned the abnormal hemolysis of the RBCs due to increased carbon dioxide gas as a result of the slow circulation nocturnally.
  • In 1911, Dr. Ettore Marchiafava and Dr. Alessio Nazari added a more description about PNH.[3]
  • In

References

  1. Strübing P. Paroxysmale Hämoglobinurie. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1882;8:1-3 and 17-21.
  2. Whonamedit entry
  3. Marchiafava E, Nazari A. Nuovo contributo allo studio degli itteri cronici emolitici. Policlinico [Med] 1911;18:241-254.

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