Schizophrenia classification: Difference between revisions
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{{Schizophrenia}} | {{Schizophrenia}} | ||
{{CMG}};{{AE}}{{Vbe}} | {{CMG}};{{AE}}{{Vbe}} {{I.D.}} | ||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
*Historically, [[schizophrenia]] in the West was classified into simple, [[catatonia|catatonic]], hebephrenic (now known as [[Disorganized schizophrenia|disorganized]]), and [[Paranoid personality disorder|paranoid]]. | *Historically, [[schizophrenia]] in the West was classified into simple, [[catatonia|catatonic]], hebephrenic (now known as [[Disorganized schizophrenia|disorganized]]), and [[Paranoid personality disorder|paranoid]]. | ||
*The [[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders|DSM- IV]] contains five sub-classifications of [[schizophrenia]]: [[Paranoid-schizoid position|Paranoid]], [[Disorganized schizophrenia|disorganized]], [[catatonic]], [[undifferentiated]] and [[residual]] type, but, this [[classification]] has been eliminated due to their limited diagnostic stability, low reliability and poor validity. | *The [[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders|DSM- IV]] contains five sub-classifications of [[schizophrenia]]: [[Paranoid-schizoid position|Paranoid]], [[Disorganized schizophrenia|disorganized]], [[catatonic]], [[undifferentiated]] and [[residual]] type, but, this [[classification]] has been eliminated due to their limited diagnostic stability, low reliability and poor validity.<ref name="pmid26777917">{{cite journal| author=Owen MJ, Sawa A, Mortensen PB| title=Schizophrenia. | journal=Lancet | year= 2016 | volume= 388 | issue= 10039 | pages= 86-97 | pmid=26777917 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01121-6 | pmc=4940219 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26777917 }} </ref> | ||
* There is no established system for the classification of schizophrenia as per the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Fifth Edition, (DSM-V) | * There is no established system for the classification of schizophrenia as per the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Fifth Edition, (DSM-V) | ||
*According to the [[Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders|Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders]], Fifth Edition, (DSM-V, to meet the criteria for [[diagnosis]] of [[schizophrenia]], the [[patient]] must have experienced at least 2 (or more) of the following [[symptoms]]: | *According to the [[Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders|Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders]], Fifth Edition, (DSM-V, to meet the criteria for [[diagnosis]] of [[schizophrenia]], the [[patient]] must have experienced at least 2 (or more) of the following [[symptoms]]:<ref name="pmid22249081">{{cite journal| author=Laursen TM, Munk-Olsen T, Vestergaard M| title=Life expectancy and cardiovascular mortality in persons with schizophrenia. | journal=Curr Opin Psychiatry | year= 2012 | volume= 25 | issue= 2 | pages= 83-8 | pmid=22249081 | doi=10.1097/YCO.0b013e32835035ca | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22249081 }} </ref> | ||
**[[Delusions]] | **[[Delusions]] | ||
**[[Hallucinations]] | **[[Hallucinations]] | ||
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**At least 1 of the [[symptoms]] must be the presence of [[delusions]], [[hallucinations]], or [[Disorganized schizophrenia|disorganized]] [[speech]]. | **At least 1 of the [[symptoms]] must be the presence of [[delusions]], [[hallucinations]], or [[Disorganized schizophrenia|disorganized]] [[speech]]. | ||
*Continuous [[signs]] of the disturbance must persist for at least 6 months, during which the [[patient]] must experience at least 1 month of [[Active Carbon|active]] [[symptoms]] (or less if successfully treated), with impairment in [[Social (pragmatic) communication disorder|social]], [[Occupational safety and health|occupational]] and other significant areas of [[Functioning carcinoid|functioning]]. The [[symptoms]] are not attributable to any other [[psychiatric]] , [[medical]] or [[Substance abuse|substance use]] [[disorder]]. | *Continuous [[signs]] of the disturbance must persist for at least 6 months, during which the [[patient]] must experience at least 1 month of [[Active Carbon|active]] [[symptoms]] (or less if successfully treated), with impairment in [[Social (pragmatic) communication disorder|social]], [[Occupational safety and health|occupational]] and other significant areas of [[Functioning carcinoid|functioning]]. The [[symptoms]] are not attributable to any other [[psychiatric]] , [[medical]] or [[Substance abuse|substance use]] [[disorder]].<ref name="pmid27733281">{{cite journal| author=GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators| title=Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. | journal=Lancet | year= 2016 | volume= 388 | issue= 10053 | pages= 1459-1544 | pmid=27733281 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1 | pmc=5388903 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27733281 }} </ref> | ||
*If there is a [[History and Physical examination|history]] of [[autism spectrum disorder]] or a [[communication disorder]] of [[ChildhoodOnset Schizophrenia|childhood]] onset, [[diagnosis]] of [[schizophrenia]] is made only if prominent [[delusions]] or [[hallucinations]],in addition to the other required [[symptoms]] of schizophrenia, are also present for at least 1 month(or less if successfully treated) | *If there is a [[History and Physical examination|history]] of [[autism spectrum disorder]] or a [[communication disorder]] of [[ChildhoodOnset Schizophrenia|childhood]] onset, [[diagnosis]] of [[schizophrenia]] is made only if prominent [[delusions]] or [[hallucinations]],in addition to the other required [[symptoms]] of schizophrenia, are also present for at least 1 month(or less if successfully treated).<ref name="pmid19011234">{{cite journal| author=Buckley PF, Miller BJ, Lehrer DS, Castle DJ| title=Psychiatric comorbidities and schizophrenia. | journal=Schizophr Bull | year= 2009 | volume= 35 | issue= 2 | pages= 383-402 | pmid=19011234 | doi=10.1093/schbul/sbn135 | pmc=2659306 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19011234 }} </ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 16:22, 13 August 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vindhya BellamKonda, M.B.B.S [2] Irfan Dotani
Classification
- Historically, schizophrenia in the West was classified into simple, catatonic, hebephrenic (now known as disorganized), and paranoid.
- The DSM- IV contains five sub-classifications of schizophrenia: Paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated and residual type, but, this classification has been eliminated due to their limited diagnostic stability, low reliability and poor validity.[1]
- There is no established system for the classification of schizophrenia as per the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Fifth Edition, (DSM-V)
- According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, (DSM-V, to meet the criteria for diagnosis of schizophrenia, the patient must have experienced at least 2 (or more) of the following symptoms:[2]
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganized speech
- Disorganized or catatonic behavior
- Negative symptoms
- At least 1 of the symptoms must be the presence of delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech.
- Continuous signs of the disturbance must persist for at least 6 months, during which the patient must experience at least 1 month of active symptoms (or less if successfully treated), with impairment in social, occupational and other significant areas of functioning. The symptoms are not attributable to any other psychiatric , medical or substance use disorder.[3]
- If there is a history of autism spectrum disorder or a communication disorder of childhood onset, diagnosis of schizophrenia is made only if prominent delusions or hallucinations,in addition to the other required symptoms of schizophrenia, are also present for at least 1 month(or less if successfully treated).[4]
References
- ↑ Owen MJ, Sawa A, Mortensen PB (2016). "Schizophrenia". Lancet. 388 (10039): 86–97. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01121-6. PMC 4940219. PMID 26777917.
- ↑ Laursen TM, Munk-Olsen T, Vestergaard M (2012). "Life expectancy and cardiovascular mortality in persons with schizophrenia". Curr Opin Psychiatry. 25 (2): 83–8. doi:10.1097/YCO.0b013e32835035ca. PMID 22249081.
- ↑ GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators (2016). "Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1459–1544. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1. PMC 5388903. PMID 27733281.
- ↑ Buckley PF, Miller BJ, Lehrer DS, Castle DJ (2009). "Psychiatric comorbidities and schizophrenia". Schizophr Bull. 35 (2): 383–402. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbn135. PMC 2659306. PMID 19011234.