Distal radius fracture classification: Difference between revisions

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==Classification==
==Classification==


There are multiple classifications available for distal radius fractures. The most common classification systems for distal radius fractures include Frykman (1967), Melone (1984), Fernández (2001), Universal (Cooney 1993), and AO classification (Marsh et al. 2007).<ref name="pmid4175195">{{cite journal| author=Frykman G| title=Fracture of the distal radius including sequelae--shoulder-hand-finger syndrome, disturbance in the distal radio-ulnar joint and impairment of nerve function. A clinical and experimental study. | journal=Acta Orthop Scand | year= 1967 | volume=  | issue=  | pages= Suppl 108:3+ | pmid=4175195 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4175195  }} </ref><ref name="pmid11778328">{{cite journal| author=Fernandez DL| title=Distal radius fracture: the rationale of a classification. | journal=Chir Main | year= 2001 | volume= 20 | issue= 6 | pages= 411-25 | pmid=11778328 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11778328  }} </ref><ref name="pmid6728444">{{cite journal| author=Melone CP| title=Articular fractures of the distal radius. | journal=Orthop Clin North Am | year= 1984 | volume= 15 | issue= 2 | pages= 217-36 | pmid=6728444 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6728444  }} </ref><ref name="pmid8479722">{{cite journal| author=Melone CP| title=Distal radius fractures: patterns of articular fragmentation. | journal=Orthop Clin North Am | year= 1993 | volume= 24 | issue= 2 | pages= 239-53 | pmid=8479722 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8479722  }} </ref>
There are multiple classifications available for distal radius fractures. The most common classification systems for distal radius fractures include Frykman (1967), Melone (1984), Fernández (2001), Universal (Cooney 1993), and AO classification (Marsh et al. 2007).<ref name="pmid4175195">{{cite journal| author=Frykman G| title=Fracture of the distal radius including sequelae--shoulder-hand-finger syndrome, disturbance in the distal radio-ulnar joint and impairment of nerve function. A clinical and experimental study. | journal=Acta Orthop Scand | year= 1967 | volume=  | issue=  | pages= Suppl 108:3+ | pmid=4175195 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4175195  }} </ref><ref name="pmid11778328">{{cite journal| author=Fernandez DL| title=Distal radius fracture: the rationale of a classification. | journal=Chir Main | year= 2001 | volume= 20 | issue= 6 | pages= 411-25 | pmid=11778328 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11778328  }} </ref><ref name="pmid6728444">{{cite journal| author=Melone CP| title=Articular fractures of the distal radius. | journal=Orthop Clin North Am | year= 1984 | volume= 15 | issue= 2 | pages= 217-36 | pmid=6728444 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6728444  }} </ref><ref name="pmid8479722">{{cite journal| author=Melone CP| title=Distal radius fractures: patterns of articular fragmentation. | journal=Orthop Clin North Am | year= 1993 | volume= 24 | issue= 2 | pages= 239-53 | pmid=8479722 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8479722 }} </ref><ref name="pmid8479719">{{cite journal| author=Cooney WP| title=Fractures of the distal radius. A modern treatment-based classification. | journal=Orthop Clin North Am | year= 1993 | volume= 24 | issue= 2 | pages= 211-6 | pmid=8479719 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8479719 }} </ref>


===Frykman Classification===
===Frykman Classification===
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|Combined fractures associated with high high-velocity injuries
|Combined fractures associated with high high-velocity injuries
|}
|}
===Universal Classification===
Type 1 Extra-articular fracture, without deviation
 Type 2 Extra-articular fracture, with deviation
 2A Reducible and stable
 2B Reducible and unstable
 2C Irreducible
 Type 3 Intra-articular fracture, without deviation
 Type 4 Intra-articular fracture, with deviation
 4A Reducible and stable
 4B Reducible and unstable
 4C Irreducible


===OTA System===
===OTA System===

Revision as of 21:42, 12 December 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rohan A. Bhimani, M.B.B.S., D.N.B., M.Ch.[2]

Overview

There are multiple classifications available for distal radius fractures. The most common classification systems for distal radius fractures include Frykman, Melone, Fernández, Universal, and AO classification. (Marsh et al. 2007).

Classification

There are multiple classifications available for distal radius fractures. The most common classification systems for distal radius fractures include Frykman (1967), Melone (1984), Fernández (2001), Universal (Cooney 1993), and AO classification (Marsh et al. 2007).[1][2][3][4][5]

Frykman Classification

  • Frykman classified distal radius fracture based on Location
Frykman Classification
I Extra-articular
II Extra-articular with ulnar fracture
III Intra-articular into radiocarpal joint
IV Intra-articular into radiocarpal joint with ulnar fracture
V Intra-articular into radioulnar joint
VI Intra-articular into radioulnar joint with ulnar fracture
VII Intra-articular into radiocarpal + radioulnar joints
VIII Intra-articular into radiocarpal + radioulnar joints with ulnar fracture

Melone Classification

  • Melone classified distal radius fracture based on Location
Melone Classification
I Undisplaced, no or minimal comminution
II Die punch fracture with moderate to severe displacement
A Reducible
B Irreducible
III Spike fragment present
IV Wide separation of intra-articular fragments
V Explosion fracture with severe comminution, transverse split and rotational displacement

Fernández Classification

  • Fernández classified distal radius fracture based on trauma mechanism
Fernández Classification
Type 1 Bending fracture of metaphysis
Type 2 Shearing fracture of joint surface
Type 3 Compression fracture of joint surface
Type 4 Avulsion fractures or radiocarpal fracture-dislocation
Type 5 Combined fractures associated with high high-velocity injuries

Universal Classification

Type 1 Extra-articular fracture, without deviation  Type 2 Extra-articular fracture, with deviation  2A Reducible and stable  2B Reducible and unstable  2C Irreducible  Type 3 Intra-articular fracture, without deviation  Type 4 Intra-articular fracture, with deviation  4A Reducible and stable  4B Reducible and unstable  4C Irreducible







OTA System

The Trauma Association classification is widely accepted and under constant review. (More details available here.)

  • (21-A) Extra-articular
    • (21-A2) Radius only
    • (21-A3) Radius and ulna
  • (21-B) Articular fracture involving articular surface of only one of the two bones
    • (21-B2) Radius fractured, ulna intact
    • (21-B3) Articular of one bone, extra-articular of other
  • ((21-C) Articular fracture involving articular surface of two bones
    • (21-C2) Simple of one, multifragmentary of other
    • (21-C3) Multifragmentary of both


References

  1. ↑ Frykman G (1967). "Fracture of the distal radius including sequelae--shoulder-hand-finger syndrome, disturbance in the distal radio-ulnar joint and impairment of nerve function. A clinical and experimental study". Acta Orthop Scand: Suppl 108:3+. PMID 4175195.
  2. ↑ Fernandez DL (2001). "Distal radius fracture: the rationale of a classification". Chir Main. 20 (6): 411–25. PMID 11778328.
  3. ↑ Melone CP (1984). "Articular fractures of the distal radius". Orthop Clin North Am. 15 (2): 217–36. PMID 6728444.
  4. ↑ Melone CP (1993). "Distal radius fractures: patterns of articular fragmentation". Orthop Clin North Am. 24 (2): 239–53. PMID 8479722.
  5. ↑ Cooney WP (1993). "Fractures of the distal radius. A modern treatment-based classification". Orthop Clin North Am. 24 (2): 211–6. PMID 8479719.

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