Guillain-Barré syndrome causes: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 15:57, 14 December 2018

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, MBBS [2]

Overview

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute, autoimmune, polyradiculoneuropathy affecting the peripheral nervous system, usually triggered by an acute infectious process. The exact cause of Guillain-Barre syndrome is unknown. However, it has been associated with an antecedence of minor infections (lung, sinus or diarrhea) with campylobacter jejuni. It has also been linked to flu vaccine but the incidence is rare.

Causes

Life-threatening Causes

Common Causes

Subtypes	explanetion
Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy (AMAN)	The most common type (85-90%). Prior infection can trigger it. Autoimmune disorder. The target is schwann cell surface membrane or the myelin. Causes demyelination. In electrodiagnostic tests we can see slowing of nerve conduction. In pathology we can see lymphocytic infiltration of peripheral nerves and macrophage invasion of myelin sheath and schwann cells.
Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy (AMAN)	It’s common among Chinese and Japanese people. It can be triggered by C. jejuni. It is associated with antiganglioside antibodies. Autoimmune disorder. Target is axonal membrane. Causes axonal degeneration in motor neurons. In electrodiagnostic study we can see reduction of compound muscle action potential.
Acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy	The incidence rate is under 10%. Causes axonal degeneration. It is similar with AMAN but involves both motor and sensory axons.
Miller Fisher syndrome	Causes a clinical triad: ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and areflexia. Associated with ganglioside GQ1b antibody.

Less Common Causes

Genetic Causes

References

Template:WH Template:WS

@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 === Life-threatening Causes ===
-* The exact cause of [[Guillain-Barré syndrome]] is unknown.
+=== Common Causes ===
-* While it is not fully known what causes GBS, it is known that about two-thirds of people who get GBS do so several days or weeks after they have been sick with diarrhea or a lung or sinus illness. Usually, signs of the original infection have disappeared before the symptoms of Guillain-Barre begin.
-* An infection with the bacteria Campylobacter jejuni, which can cause diarrhea, is one of the most common illnesses linked to GBS.
-* Except for the swine flu vaccine used in 1976, no other flu vaccines have been clearly linked to GBS. CDC and FDA are still assessing the association of Menactra [[Meningococcal]] conjugate vaccine with GBS. However, at this time there is no firm evidence to say that Menactra  causes GBS.
-* Although rare, people can also get GBS after having the flu or other infections such as Epstein Barr virus, [[AIDS]], [[Herpes simplex]], and [[Mononucleosis]]
-* It may also occur with other [[medical conditions]] such as [[systemic lupus erythematosus]] or [[Hodgkin's disease]]. A similar [[syndrome]] may occur after [[surgery]], or when critically ill.
-* Medication induced - [[Delavirdine]], [[Febuxostat]], [[Nelarabine]],[[Nivolumab]],  [[Sodium aurothiomalate]], [[Sulfasalazine]], [[Zidovudine]]
-=== Common Causes ===
+{| class="wikitable"
+! style="background: #4479BA; text-align: center;" |Subtypes
+! style="background: #4479BA; text-align: center;" |explanetion
+|-
+! style="background: #DCDCDC; text-align: center;" |Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy (AMAN)
+| style="background: #F5F5F5;" |
+* The most common type (85-90%).
+* Prior infection can trigger it.
+* Autoimmune disorder.
+* The target is schwann cell surface membrane or the myelin.
+* Causes demyelination.
+* In electrodiagnostic tests we can see slowing of nerve conduction.
+* In pathology we can see lymphocytic infiltration of peripheral nerves and macrophage invasion of myelin sheath and schwann cells.
+|-
+! style="background: #DCDCDC; text-align: center;" |Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy (AMAN)
+| style="background: #F5F5F5;" |
+* It’s common among Chinese and Japanese people.
+* It can be triggered by C. jejuni.
+* It is associated with antiganglioside antibodies.
+* Autoimmune disorder.
+* Target is axonal membrane.
+* Causes axonal degeneration in motor neurons.
+* In electrodiagnostic study we can see reduction of compound muscle action potential.
+|-
+! style="background: #DCDCDC; text-align: center;" |Acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy
+| style="background: #F5F5F5;" |
+* The incidence rate is under 10%.
+* Causes axonal degeneration.
+* It is similar with AMAN but involves both motor and sensory axons.
+|-
+! style="background: #DCDCDC; text-align: center;" |Miller Fisher syndrome
+| style="background: #F5F5F5;" |
+* Causes a clinical triad: ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and areflexia.
+* Associated with ganglioside GQ1b antibody.
+|}
 === Less Common Causes ===