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{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="1" |'''Cardiomyopathy Microchapters'''
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![[Cardiomyopathy|Home]]
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![[Cardiomyopathy (patient information)|Patient Information]]
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![[Cardiomyopathy overview|Overview]]
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!Historical Perspective
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![[Cardiomyopathy classification|Classification]]
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![[Cardiomyopathy pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]
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![[Cardiomyopathy causes|Causes]]
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![[Cardiomyopathy differential diagnosis|Differentiating Cardiomyopathy from other Diseases]]
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![[Cardiomyopathy epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]
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![[Cardiomyopathy risk factors|Risk Factors]]
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![[Cardiomyopathy natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]
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!Diagnosis
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![[Cardiomyopathy history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]]
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![[Cardiomyopathy physical examination|Physical Examination]]
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![[Cardiomyopathy laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]]
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![[Cardiomyopathy electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]]
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![[Cardiomyopathy chest x ray|Chest X Ray]]
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![[Cardiomyopathy CT|CT]]
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![[Cardiomyopathy MRI|MRI]]
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![[Cardiomyopathy echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography]]
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![[Cardiomyopathy other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]]
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![[Cardiomyopathy other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
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!Treatment
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![[Cardiomyopathy medical therapy|Medical Therapy]]
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![[Cardiomyopathy surgery|Surgery]]
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![[Cardiomyopathy primary prevention|Primary Prevention]]
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![[Cardiomyopathy secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]]
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![[Cardiomyopathy cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]]
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![[Cardiomyopathy future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
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!Case Studies
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![[Cardiomyopathy case study one|Case #1]]
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!Cardiomyopathy historical perspective On the Web
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!Most recent articles
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!Most cited articles
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!Review articles
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!CME Programs
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!Powerpoint slides
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!Images
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!American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Cardiomyopathy historical perspective
: All Images
: X-rays
: Echo & Ultrasound
: CT Images
: MRI
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!Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
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!US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
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!NICE Guidance
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!FDA on Cardiomyopathy historical perspective
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!CDC on Cardiomyopathy historical perspective
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!Cardiomyopathy historical perspective in the news
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!Blogs on Cardiomyopathy historical perspective
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!Directions to Hospitals Treating Cardiomyopathy
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!Risk calculators and risk factors for Cardiomyopathy historical perspective
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!
|}
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== References[edit | edit source] ==
In 1980, the World Health Organization (WHO) defined cardiomyopathies as "heart muscle diseases of unknown cause" to distinguish cardiomyopathy from cardiac dysfunction due to known cardiovascular causes such as hypertension, ischemic heart disease, or valvular disease. In clinical practice, however, the term "cardiomyopathy" had also been applied to diseases of known cardiovascular cause, including ischemic cardiomyopathy and hypertensive cardiomyopathy. As a result, the 1995 WHO/International Society and Federation of Cardiology (ISFC) Task Force on the Definition and Classification of the Cardiomyopathies expanded the classification to include all diseases affecting heart muscle and to take into consideration etiology as well as the dominant pathophysiology. In the 1995 classification, the cardiomyopathies were defined as "diseases of the myocardium associated with cardiac dysfunction." They were classified according to anatomy and physiology into the following types: ●Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) ●Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) ●Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) ●Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia (ARVC/D) ●Unclassified cardiomyopathies Then, a 2006 AHA scientific statement proposed a contemporary definition and classification of the cardiomyopathies: "Cardiomyopathies are a heterogeneous group of diseases of the myocardium associated with mechanical and/or electrical dysfunction that usually (but not invariably) exhibit inappropriate ventricular hypertrophy or dilation and are due to a variety of causes that frequently are genetic. Cardiomyopathies either are confined to the heart or are a part of generalized systemic disorders, often leading to cardiovascular death or progressive heart failure-related disability." As such, cardiomyopathies are categorized into two groups: 1- Primary cardiomyopathies (predominantly involving the heart): The primary cardiomyopathies are subdivided into those which are genetic, mixed (predominantly nongenetic; less commonly genetic), or acquired. A- The genetic cardiomyopathies include HCM, ARVC/D, left ventricular noncompaction, PRKAG2 and Danon glycogen storage diseases, conduction defects, mitochondrial myopathies, and ion channel disorders. B- The mixed cardiomyopathies include DCM and RCM. C- The acquired cardiomyopathies include myocarditis, stress-induced (takotsubo), peripartum and tachycardia-induced. 2- Secondary cardiomyopathies (accompanied by other organ system involvement). Then, in 2008, the ESC working group on myocardial and pericardial diseases presented an update to the WHO/ISFC classification in which cardiomyopathy was defined as: "A myocardial disorder in which the heart muscle is structurally and functionally abnormal in the absence of coronary artery disease, hypertension, valvular disease and congenital heart disease sufficient to explain the observed myocardial abnormality". Despite that, the term "cardiomyopathy" continues to be used in patients with ischemic, hypertensive, valvular and congenital heart diseases.
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In 1980, the World Health Organization (WHO) defined cardiomyopathies as "heart muscle diseases of unknown cause" to distinguish cardiomyopathy from cardiac dysfunction due to known cardiovascular causes such as hypertension, ischemic heart disease, or valvular disease. In clinical practice, however, the term "cardiomyopathy" had also been applied to diseases of known cardiovascular cause, including ischemic cardiomyopathy and hypertensive cardiomyopathy.
As a result, the 1995 WHO/International Society and Federation of Cardiology (ISFC) Task Force on the Definition and Classification of the Cardiomyopathies expanded the classification to include all diseases affecting heart muscle and to take into consideration etiology as well as the dominant pathophysiology. In the 1995 classification, the cardiomyopathies were defined as "diseases of the myocardium associated with cardiac dysfunction." They were classified according to anatomy and physiology into the following types:
●Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)
●Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)
●Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM)
●Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia (ARVC/D)
●Unclassified cardiomyopathies
Then, a 2006 AHA scientific statement proposed a contemporary definition and classification of the cardiomyopathies: "Cardiomyopathies are a heterogeneous group of diseases of the myocardium associated with mechanical and/or electrical dysfunction that usually (but not invariably) exhibit inappropriate ventricular hypertrophy or dilation and are due to a variety of causes that frequently are genetic. Cardiomyopathies either are confined to the heart or are a part of generalized systemic disorders, often leading to cardiovascular death or progressive heart failure-related disability."
As such, cardiomyopathies are categorized into two groups:
1- Primary cardiomyopathies (predominantly involving the heart): The primary cardiomyopathies are subdivided into those which are genetic, mixed (predominantly nongenetic; less commonly genetic), or acquired. A- The genetic cardiomyopathies include HCM, ARVC/D, left ventricular noncompaction, PRKAG2 and Danon glycogen storage diseases, conduction defects, mitochondrial myopathies, and ion channel disorders. B- The mixed cardiomyopathies include DCM and RCM. C- The acquired cardiomyopathies include myocarditis, stress-induced (takotsubo), peripartum and tachycardia-induced.
2- Secondary cardiomyopathies (accompanied by other organ system involvement).
Then, in 2008, the ESC working group on myocardial and pericardial diseases presented an update to the WHO/ISFC classification in which cardiomyopathy was defined as: "A myocardial disorder in which the heart muscle is structurally and functionally abnormal in the absence of coronary artery disease, hypertension, valvular disease and congenital heart disease sufficient to explain the observed myocardial abnormality".
Despite that, the term "cardiomyopathy" continues to be used in patients with ischemic, hypertensive, valvular and congenital heart diseases.


References:
References:

Revision as of 04:48, 21 December 2018

Cardiomyopathy Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Cardiomyopathy from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
Chest X Ray
CT
MRI
Echocardiography
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Cardiomyopathy historical perspective On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Cardiomyopathy historical perspective
All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Cardiomyopathy historical perspective
CDC on Cardiomyopathy historical perspective
Cardiomyopathy historical perspective in the news
Blogs on Cardiomyopathy historical perspective
Directions to Hospitals Treating Cardiomyopathy
Risk calculators and risk factors for Cardiomyopathy historical perspective

Please help WikiDoc by adding content here. It's easy! Click here to learn about editing.

References[edit | edit source]

In 1980, the World Health Organization (WHO) defined cardiomyopathies as "heart muscle diseases of unknown cause" to distinguish cardiomyopathy from cardiac dysfunction due to known cardiovascular causes such as hypertension, ischemic heart disease, or valvular disease. In clinical practice, however, the term "cardiomyopathy" had also been applied to diseases of known cardiovascular cause, including ischemic cardiomyopathy and hypertensive cardiomyopathy. As a result, the 1995 WHO/International Society and Federation of Cardiology (ISFC) Task Force on the Definition and Classification of the Cardiomyopathies expanded the classification to include all diseases affecting heart muscle and to take into consideration etiology as well as the dominant pathophysiology. In the 1995 classification, the cardiomyopathies were defined as "diseases of the myocardium associated with cardiac dysfunction." They were classified according to anatomy and physiology into the following types: ●Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) ●Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) ●Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) ●Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia (ARVC/D) ●Unclassified cardiomyopathies Then, a 2006 AHA scientific statement proposed a contemporary definition and classification of the cardiomyopathies: "Cardiomyopathies are a heterogeneous group of diseases of the myocardium associated with mechanical and/or electrical dysfunction that usually (but not invariably) exhibit inappropriate ventricular hypertrophy or dilation and are due to a variety of causes that frequently are genetic. Cardiomyopathies either are confined to the heart or are a part of generalized systemic disorders, often leading to cardiovascular death or progressive heart failure-related disability." As such, cardiomyopathies are categorized into two groups: 1- Primary cardiomyopathies (predominantly involving the heart): The primary cardiomyopathies are subdivided into those which are genetic, mixed (predominantly nongenetic; less commonly genetic), or acquired. A- The genetic cardiomyopathies include HCM, ARVC/D, left ventricular noncompaction, PRKAG2 and Danon glycogen storage diseases, conduction defects, mitochondrial myopathies, and ion channel disorders. B- The mixed cardiomyopathies include DCM and RCM. C- The acquired cardiomyopathies include myocarditis, stress-induced (takotsubo), peripartum and tachycardia-induced. 2- Secondary cardiomyopathies (accompanied by other organ system involvement). Then, in 2008, the ESC working group on myocardial and pericardial diseases presented an update to the WHO/ISFC classification in which cardiomyopathy was defined as: "A myocardial disorder in which the heart muscle is structurally and functionally abnormal in the absence of coronary artery disease, hypertension, valvular disease and congenital heart disease sufficient to explain the observed myocardial abnormality". Despite that, the term "cardiomyopathy" continues to be used in patients with ischemic, hypertensive, valvular and congenital heart diseases.

Cardiomyopathy Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Cardiomyopathy from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Guidelines

2023 ESC Guideline Recommendations

2020 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Case Studies

Case #1

Cardiomyopathy historical perspective On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Cardiomyopathy historical perspective

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Cardiomyopathy historical perspective

CDC on Cardiomyopathy historical perspective

Cardiomyopathy historical perspective in the news

Blogs on Cardiomyopathy historical perspective

Directions to Hospitals Treating Cardiomyopathy

Risk calculators and risk factors for Cardiomyopathy historical perspective

Please help WikiDoc by adding content here. It's easy! Click here to learn about editing.

References

Template:WH Template:WS

References:

1-Report of the WHO/ISFC task force on the definition and classification of cardiomyopathies. Br Heart J 1980; 44:672.

2- Richardson P, McKenna W, Bristow M, et al. Report of the 1995 World Health Organization/International Society and Federation of Cardiology Task Force on the Definition and Classification of cardiomyopathies. Circulation 1996; 93:841.

3- Maron BJ, Towbin JA, Thiene G, et al. Contemporary definitions and classification of the cardiomyopathies: an American Heart Association Scientific Statement from the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Heart Failure and Transplantation Committee; Quality of Care and Outcomes Research and Functional Genomics and Translational Biology Interdisciplinary Working Groups; and Council on Epidemiology and Prevention. Circulation 2006; 113:1807.

4- Elliott P, Andersson B, Arbustini E, et al. Classification of the cardiomyopathies: a position statement from the European Society Of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases. Eur Heart J 2008; 29:270.

5- WRITING COMMITTEE MEMBERS, Yancy CW, Jessup M, et al. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines. Circulation 2013; 128:e240.

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