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==WHO Histological Classification of Tumors of the Lung ==
==WHO Histological Classification of Tumors of the Lung ==
The [[World Health Organization]] ([[World Health Organization|WHO]]) classifies [[tumors]] of the [[lungs]] as follows:<ref name="urlwww.jto.org">{{cite web |url=https://www.jto.org/article/S1556-0864(15)33571-1/pdf |title=www.jto.org |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="WHO">{{cite book | last = Travis | first = William | title = Pathology and genetics of tumours of the lung, pleura, thymus, and heart | publisher = IARC Press | location = Lyon | year = 2004 | isbn = 9283224183 }}</ref>
The [[World Health Organization]] ([[World Health Organization|WHO]]) classifies [[tumors]] of the [[lungs]] as follows:<ref name="urlwww.jto.org">{{cite web |url=https://www.jto.org/article/S1556-0864(15)33571-1/pdf |title=www.jto.org |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="WHO">{{cite book | last = Travis | first = William | title = Pathology and genetics of tumours of the lung, pleura, thymus, and heart | publisher = IARC Press | location = Lyon | year = 2004 | isbn = 9283224183 }}</ref>
===Epithelial tumors===
 
* '''[[Adenocarcinoma of the lung|Adenocarcinoma]]'''
{| class="wikitable"
** Lepidic adenocarcinoma
|+
** Acinar adenocarcinoma  
! colspan="2" |WHO Classification of Lung Tumors
** Papillary adenocarcinoma
|-
** Micropapillary adenocarcinoma
!Histological type
** Solid adenocarcinoma
!Subtype
** Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma
|-
*** Mixed invasive mucinous
! colspan="2" |Epithelial tumors
*** Nonmucinous adenocarcinoma  
|-
** Colloid adenocarcinoma
|[[Adenocarcinoma of the lung|'''Adenocarcinoma''']]
** Fetal adenocarcinoma
|
** Enteric adenocarcinoma
* Lepidic adenocarcinoma
** Minimally invasive adenocarcinoma
* Acinar adenocarcinoma  
** Nonmucinous
* Papillary adenocarcinoma
* Micropapillary adenocarcinoma
* Solid adenocarcinoma
* Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma
** Mixed invasive mucinous
** Nonmucinous adenocarcinoma  
* Colloid adenocarcinoma
* Fetal adenocarcinoma
* Enteric adenocarcinoma
* Minimally invasive adenocarcinoma
* Nonmucinous
** Mucinous
* Preinvasive lesions
** Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia
** Adenocarcinoma in situ
*** Nonmucinous
*** Mucinous
*** Mucinous
** Preinvasive lesions
|-
*** Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia
|'''[[Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung|Squamous cell carcinoma]]'''
*** Adenocarcinoma in situ
|
**** Nonmucinous
* Keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma
**** Mucinous
* Nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma
 
* Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma
* '''[[Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung|Squamous cell carcinoma]]'''
* Preinvasive lesion  
** Keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma
** Squamous cell carcinoma in situ
** Nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma
|-
** Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma
| colspan="2" |'''Neuroendocrine tumors'''
** Preinvasive lesion  
|-
*** Squamous cell carcinoma in situ
|'''[[Small cell carcinoma of the lung|Small cell carcinoma]]'''
 
|
=== Neuroendocrine tumors ===
* Combined small cell carcinoma
* '''[[Small cell carcinoma of the lung|Small cell carcinoma]]'''
|-
** Combined small cell carcinoma  
|'''Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma'''
* '''Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma'''
|
** Combined large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma
* Combined large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma
* '''[[Carcinoid syndrome|Carcinoid tumors]]'''  
|-
** Typical carcinoid tumor
|'''[[Carcinoid syndrome|Carcinoid tumors]]'''
** Atypical carcinoid tumor
|
* '''Preinvasive lesion'''
* Typical carcinoid tumor
** Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia
* Atypical carcinoid tumor
* '''[[Large cell carcinoma of the lung|Large cell carcinoma]]'''
|-
* '''Adenosquamous carcinoma'''
|'''Preinvasive lesion'''
* '''[[Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung|Sarcomatoid carcinomas]]'''  
** Pleomorphic carcinoma
** Spindle cell carcinoma
** Giant cell carcinoma
** Carcinosarcoma
** Pulmonary blastoma
* '''Other and Unclassified carcinomas'''
** Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma
** NUT carcinoma
* '''Salivary gland-type tumors'''
** Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
** Adenoid cystic carcinoma
** Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma
** Pleomorphic adenoma
 
* '''Papillomas'''
** Squamous cell papilloma
*** Exophytic
*** Inverted
** Glandular papilloma
** Mixed squamous and glandular papilloma
* '''Adenomas'''
** Sclerosing pneumocytoma
** Alveolar adenoma
** Papillary adenoma
** Mucinous cystadenoma
** Mucous gland adenoma
 
=== Mesenchymal tumors ===
* [[Hamartoma|Pulmonary hamartoma]]
* Chondroma
* PEComatous tumors
** [[Lymphangiomyomatosis|Lymphangioleiomyomatosis]]
** [[PEComa]], benigne
*** Clear cell tumor
** PEComa, malignant
* Congenital peribronchial myofibroblastic tumor
* Diffuse pulmonary lymphangiomatosis
* Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor
* [[Vascular tumor|Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma]]
* [[Pleuropulmonary blastoma]]
* Synovial sarcoma
* Pulmonary artery intimal sarcoma
* Pulmonary myxoid sarcoma with EWSR1–CREB1 translocation
* Myoepithelial tumors
** Myoepithelioma
** Myoepithelial carcinoma


=== Lymphohistiocytic tumors ===
|
* Extranodal marginal zone lymphomas of mucosa-associated Lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma)
* Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia
* Diffuse large cell lymphoma
|-
* [[Lymphomatoid granulomatosis]]
|
* Intravascular large B cell lymphoma
* Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis
* Erdheim–Chester disease


=== Tumors of ectopic origin ===
'''[[Large cell carcinoma of the lung|Large cell carcinoma]]'''
* Germ cell tumors
|
** Teratoma, mature
|-
** Teratoma, immature
|'''Adenosquamous carcinoma'''
* Intrapulmonary thymoma
|
* Melanoma
|-
* Meningioma, NOS
|'''[[Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung|Sarcomatoid carcinomas]]'''
|
* Pleomorphic carcinoma
* Spindle cell carcinoma
* Giant cell carcinoma
* Carcinosarcoma
* Pulmonary blastoma
|-
|'''Other and Unclassified carcinomas'''
|
* Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma
* NUT carcinoma
|-
|'''Salivary gland-type tumors'''
|
* Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
* Adenoid cystic carcinoma
* Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma
* Pleomorphic adenoma
|-
|'''Papillomas'''
|
* Squamous cell papilloma
** Exophytic
** Inverted
* Glandular papilloma
* Mixed squamous and glandular papilloma
|-
|'''Adenomas'''
|
* Sclerosing pneumocytoma
* Alveolar adenoma
* Papillary adenoma
* Mucinous cystadenoma
* Mucous gland adenoma
|-
| colspan="2" |'''Mesenchymal tumors'''
|-
|[[Hamartoma|'''Pulmonary hamartoma''']]
|
|-
|'''Chondroma'''
|
|-
|'''PEComatous tumors'''
|
* [[Lymphangiomyomatosis|Lymphangioleiomyomatosis]]
* [[PEComa]], benigne
** Clear cell tumor
* PEComa, malignant
|-
|'''Congenital peribronchial myofibroblastic tumor'''
|
|-
|'''Diffuse pulmonary lymphangiomatosis'''
|
|-
|Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor
|
|-
|[[Vascular tumor|'''Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma''']]
|
|-
|[[Pleuropulmonary blastoma|'''Pleuropulmonary blastoma''']]
|
|-
|'''Synovial sarcoma'''
|
|-
|'''Pulmonary artery intimal sarcoma'''
|
|-
|'''Pulmonary myxoid sarcoma with EWSR1–CREB1 translocation'''
|
|-
|Myoepithelial tumors
|
* Myoepithelioma
* Myoepithelial carcinoma
|-
| colspan="2" |'''Lymphohistiocytic tumors'''
|-
|'''Extranodal marginal zone lymphomas of mucosa-associated Lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma)'''
|
|-
|'''Diffuse large cell lymphoma'''
|
|-
|[[Lymphomatoid granulomatosis|'''Lymphomatoid granulomatosis''']]
|
|-
|'''Intravascular large B cell lymphoma'''
|
|-
|'''Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis'''
|
|-
|'''Erdheim–Chester disease'''
|
|-
| colspan="2" |'''Tumors of ectopic origin'''
|-
|'''Germ cell tumors'''
|
* Teratoma, mature
* Teratoma, immature
|-
|'''Intrapulmonary thymoma'''
|
|-
|'''Melanoma'''
|
|-
|'''Meningioma, NOS'''
|
|}


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 18:22, 19 February 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kim-Son H. Nguyen M.D. Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2] Rim Halaby, M.D. [3] Dildar Hussain, MBBS [4]

Overview

Primary lung cancers may be classified into small cell lung cancer (~15%) and non small cell lung cancer (~85%). Non small cell lung cancer are a heterogenous group of lung cancers that are often grouped together because they share similar clinical features (e.g. prognosis and management). The 2004 WHO histological classification of tumors of the lung categorized lung tumors into malignant epithelial tumors, benign epithelial tumors, lymphoproliferative tumors, miscellaneous tumors, and metastatic tumors.

Classification

Primary lung cancers may be classified into two main categories:[1]

 
 
Lung Cancer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

WHO Histological Classification of Tumors of the Lung

The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies tumors of the lungs as follows:[2][1]

WHO Classification of Lung Tumors
Histological type Subtype
Epithelial tumors
Adenocarcinoma
  • Lepidic adenocarcinoma
  • Acinar adenocarcinoma
  • Papillary adenocarcinoma
  • Micropapillary adenocarcinoma
  • Solid adenocarcinoma
  • Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma
    • Mixed invasive mucinous
    • Nonmucinous adenocarcinoma
  • Colloid adenocarcinoma
  • Fetal adenocarcinoma
  • Enteric adenocarcinoma
  • Minimally invasive adenocarcinoma
  • Nonmucinous
    • Mucinous
  • Preinvasive lesions
    • Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia
    • Adenocarcinoma in situ
      • Nonmucinous
      • Mucinous
Squamous cell carcinoma
  • Keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma
  • Nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma
  • Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma
  • Preinvasive lesion
    • Squamous cell carcinoma in situ
Neuroendocrine tumors
Small cell carcinoma
  • Combined small cell carcinoma
Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma
  • Combined large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma
Carcinoid tumors
  • Typical carcinoid tumor
  • Atypical carcinoid tumor
Preinvasive lesion
  • Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia

Large cell carcinoma

Adenosquamous carcinoma
Sarcomatoid carcinomas
  • Pleomorphic carcinoma
  • Spindle cell carcinoma
  • Giant cell carcinoma
  • Carcinosarcoma
  • Pulmonary blastoma
Other and Unclassified carcinomas
  • Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma
  • NUT carcinoma
Salivary gland-type tumors
  • Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
  • Adenoid cystic carcinoma
  • Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma
  • Pleomorphic adenoma
Papillomas
  • Squamous cell papilloma
    • Exophytic
    • Inverted
  • Glandular papilloma
  • Mixed squamous and glandular papilloma
Adenomas
  • Sclerosing pneumocytoma
  • Alveolar adenoma
  • Papillary adenoma
  • Mucinous cystadenoma
  • Mucous gland adenoma
Mesenchymal tumors
Pulmonary hamartoma
Chondroma
PEComatous tumors
Congenital peribronchial myofibroblastic tumor
Diffuse pulmonary lymphangiomatosis
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma
Pleuropulmonary blastoma
Synovial sarcoma
Pulmonary artery intimal sarcoma
Pulmonary myxoid sarcoma with EWSR1–CREB1 translocation
Myoepithelial tumors
  • Myoepithelioma
  • Myoepithelial carcinoma
Lymphohistiocytic tumors
Extranodal marginal zone lymphomas of mucosa-associated Lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma)
Diffuse large cell lymphoma
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis
Intravascular large B cell lymphoma
Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Erdheim–Chester disease
Tumors of ectopic origin
Germ cell tumors
  • Teratoma, mature
  • Teratoma, immature
Intrapulmonary thymoma
Melanoma
Meningioma, NOS

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Travis, William (2004). Pathology and genetics of tumours of the lung, pleura, thymus, and heart. Lyon: IARC Press. ISBN 9283224183.
  2. ↑ "www.jto.org".

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