Testicular cancer risk factors: Difference between revisions
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* Personal history of testicular cancer | * Personal history of testicular cancer | ||
* [[Klinefelter syndrome]] | * [[Klinefelter syndrome]] | ||
* Impaired spermatogenesis<ref name="pmid28241106">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ghazarian AA, Kelly SP, Altekruse SF, Rosenberg PS, McGlynn KA |title=Future of testicular germ cell tumor incidence in the United States: Forecast through 2026 |journal=Cancer |volume=123 |issue=12 |pages=2320–2328 |date=June 2017 |pmid=28241106 |pmc=5629636 |doi=10.1002/cncr.30597 |url=}}</ref> | |||
* Hypospadias | |||
==Less Common Risk Factors== | ==Less Common Risk Factors== | ||
Revision as of 18:46, 21 February 2019
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Gertrude Djouka, M.D.[2], Shanshan Cen, M.D. [3]
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Overview
Common risk factors in the development of testicular cancer are undescended testicle, family history, personal history of testicular cancer, and Klinefelter syndrome.
Common Risk Factors
Common risk factors include:[1][2]
- Undescended testicle
- Family history of testicular cancer
- Personal history of testicular cancer
- Klinefelter syndrome
- Impaired spermatogenesis[3]
- Hypospadias
Less Common Risk Factors
Less common risk factors include:
- Testicular microlithiasis
- HIV infection or AIDS
- Early puberty
- Tall height
- Decreased fertility
- Pesticides
- Marijuana
- Prenatal exposure to estrogens
- Vasectomy
- Trauma or injury
- Tobacco
- Alcohol
References
- ↑ Khan O, Protheroe A (October 2007). "Testis cancer". Postgrad Med J. 83 (984): 624–32. doi:10.1136/pgmj.2007.057992. PMC 2600126. PMID 17916870.
- ↑ McGlynn KA, Trabert B (April 2012). "Adolescent and adult risk factors for testicular cancer". Nat Rev Urol. 9 (6): 339–49. doi:10.1038/nrurol.2012.61. PMC 4031676. PMID 22508459.
- ↑ Ghazarian AA, Kelly SP, Altekruse SF, Rosenberg PS, McGlynn KA (June 2017). "Future of testicular germ cell tumor incidence in the United States: Forecast through 2026". Cancer. 123 (12): 2320–2328. doi:10.1002/cncr.30597. PMC 5629636. PMID 28241106.