Nasopharyngeal carcinoma MRI: Difference between revisions

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==MRI==
==MRI==
MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of Nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
[[MRI]] may be helpful in the [[diagnosis]] of Nasopharyngeal carcinoma.


* Findings on MRI scan suggestive of nasopharyngeal carcinoma include:<ref>{{cite book | last = Hermans | first = R | title = Head and neck cancer imaging | publisher = Springer | location = Berlin New York | year = 2012 | isbn = 9783642178689 }}</ref>
* Findings on [[MRI]] scan suggestive of nasopharyngeal carcinoma include:<ref>{{cite book | last = Hermans | first = R | title = Head and neck cancer imaging | publisher = Springer | location = Berlin New York | year = 2012 | isbn = 9783642178689 }}</ref>
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 600px" align="center"
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:T1
:T1
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
*Typically isointense to muscle signal
*Typically [[isointense]] to [[muscle]] signal
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" |
:T1 C+ (Gd)
:T1 C+ (Gd)
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
*Fat saturation in post contrast sequencse
*Fat saturation in post contrast sequences
*Notable [[heterogeneous]] enhancement is typical
*Notable [[heterogeneous]] enhancement is typical
*Perineural extension should be sought
*Perineural extension should be sought
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:T2
:T2
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
*Isointense to hyperintense to muscle signal
*Isointense to hyperintense to [[muscle]] signal
*Fat saturation
*Fat saturation
*Fluid in the middle ear can be helpful  
*Fluid in the [[middle ear]] can be helpful  


|}
|}
* The protocol for routine MRI of a nasopharyngeal mass includes:<ref name="Glastonbury2007">{{cite journal|last1=Glastonbury|first1=Christine M.|title=Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma|journal=Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging|volume=18|issue=4|year=2007|pages=225–235|issn=0899-3459|doi=10.1097/RMR.0b013e3181572b3a}}</ref><ref name="DubrulleSouillard2007">{{cite journal|last1=Dubrulle|first1=F.|last2=Souillard|first2=R.|last3=Hermans|first3=R.|title=Extension patterns of nasopharyngeal carcinoma|journal=European Radiology|volume=17|issue=10|year=2007|pages=2622–2630|issn=0938-7994|doi=10.1007/s00330-007-0616-z}}</ref><ref name="ChinFatterpekar2003">{{cite journal|last1=Chin|first1=Shy-Chyi|last2=Fatterpekar|first2=Girish|last3=Chen|first3=Cheng-Yu|last4=Som|first4=Peter M.|title=MR Imaging of Diverse Manifestations of Nasopharyngeal Carcinomas|journal=American Journal of Roentgenology|volume=180|issue=6|year=2003|pages=1715–1722|issn=0361-803X|doi=10.2214/ajr.180.6.1801715}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
* The [[Protocol (natural sciences)|protocol]] for routine [[MRI]] of a nasopharyngeal [[mass]] includes:<ref name="Glastonbury2007">{{cite journal|last1=Glastonbury|first1=Christine M.|title=Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma|journal=Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging|volume=18|issue=4|year=2007|pages=225–235|issn=0899-3459|doi=10.1097/RMR.0b013e3181572b3a}}</ref><ref name="DubrulleSouillard2007">{{cite journal|last1=Dubrulle|first1=F.|last2=Souillard|first2=R.|last3=Hermans|first3=R.|title=Extension patterns of nasopharyngeal carcinoma|journal=European Radiology|volume=17|issue=10|year=2007|pages=2622–2630|issn=0938-7994|doi=10.1007/s00330-007-0616-z}}</ref><ref name="ChinFatterpekar2003">{{cite journal|last1=Chin|first1=Shy-Chyi|last2=Fatterpekar|first2=Girish|last3=Chen|first3=Cheng-Yu|last4=Som|first4=Peter M.|title=MR Imaging of Diverse Manifestations of Nasopharyngeal Carcinomas|journal=American Journal of Roentgenology|volume=180|issue=6|year=2003|pages=1715–1722|issn=0361-803X|doi=10.2214/ajr.180.6.1801715}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Alfred L. Weber]], [[Sharif al-Arayedh]] & [[Asma Rashid]]
  | author = [[Alfred L. Weber]], [[Sharif al-Arayedh]] & [[Asma Rashid]]
  | title = Nasopharynx: clinical, pathologic, and radiologic assessment
  | title = Nasopharynx: clinical, pathologic, and radiologic assessment
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  | pmid = 19816641
  | pmid = 19816641
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
** Unenhanced T1- weighted axial and sagittal plane images for:
** Unenhanced T1- weighted [[axial]] and [[sagittal plane]] [[images]] for:
*** Detection of skull base invasion  
*** Detection of [[skull]] base invasion  
** T2-weighted fast spin-echo sequence in axial plane images for:
** T2-weighted fast spin-echo sequence in [[axial plane]] [[images]] for:
*** Evaluation  of early parapharyngeal tumor spread
*** Evaluation  of early parapharyngeal [[tumor]] spread
*** Invasion to the paranasal sinus
*** Invasion to the [[paranasal sinus]]
*** Effusions of the middle ear  
*** Effusions of the [[middle ear]]
*** Detection of cervical lymph nodes.
*** Detection of [[cervical]] [[Lymph node|lymph nodes]].
** Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted axial and coronal planes images (with and without fat suppression) for:
** Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted [[axial]] and [[coronal plane]]<nowiki/>s [[images]] (with and without fat suppression) for:
** Evaluation of tumor extension to the perineural and intracranial space.   
** Evaluation of [[tumor]] extension to the perineural and intracranial space.   
* Additional MRI component:<ref name="NgChan2009">{{cite journal|last1=Ng|first1=Shu-Hang|last2=Chan|first2=Sheng-Chieh|last3=Yen|first3=Tzu-Chen|last4=Chang|first4=Joseph Tung-Chieh|last5=Liao|first5=Chun-Ta|last6=Ko|first6=Sheung-Fat|last7=Wang|first7=Hung-Ming|last8=Wai|first8=Yau-Yau|last9=Wang|first9=Jiun-Jie|last10=Chen|first10=Min-Chi|title=Pretreatment evaluation of distant-site status in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: accuracy of whole-body MRI at 3-Tesla and FDG-PET-CT|journal=European Radiology|volume=19|issue=12|year=2009|pages=2965–2976|issn=0938-7994|doi=10.1007/s00330-009-1504-5}}</ref><ref name="FongBhatia2010">{{cite journal|last1=Fong|first1=Devin|last2=Bhatia|first2=Kunwar S.S.|last3=Yeung|first3=David|last4=King|first4=Ann D.|title=Diagnostic accuracy of diffusion-weighted MR imaging for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, head and neck lymphoma and squamous cell carcinoma at the primary site|journal=Oral Oncology|volume=46|issue=8|year=2010|pages=603–606|issn=13688375|doi=10.1016/j.oraloncology.2010.05.004}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
* Additional [[MRI]] component:<ref name="NgChan2009">{{cite journal|last1=Ng|first1=Shu-Hang|last2=Chan|first2=Sheng-Chieh|last3=Yen|first3=Tzu-Chen|last4=Chang|first4=Joseph Tung-Chieh|last5=Liao|first5=Chun-Ta|last6=Ko|first6=Sheung-Fat|last7=Wang|first7=Hung-Ming|last8=Wai|first8=Yau-Yau|last9=Wang|first9=Jiun-Jie|last10=Chen|first10=Min-Chi|title=Pretreatment evaluation of distant-site status in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: accuracy of whole-body MRI at 3-Tesla and FDG-PET-CT|journal=European Radiology|volume=19|issue=12|year=2009|pages=2965–2976|issn=0938-7994|doi=10.1007/s00330-009-1504-5}}</ref><ref name="FongBhatia2010">{{cite journal|last1=Fong|first1=Devin|last2=Bhatia|first2=Kunwar S.S.|last3=Yeung|first3=David|last4=King|first4=Ann D.|title=Diagnostic accuracy of diffusion-weighted MR imaging for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, head and neck lymphoma and squamous cell carcinoma at the primary site|journal=Oral Oncology|volume=46|issue=8|year=2010|pages=603–606|issn=13688375|doi=10.1016/j.oraloncology.2010.05.004}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Ann D. King]], [[David K. W. Yeung]], [[Anil T. Ahuja]], [[S. F. Leung]], [[Gary M. K. Tse]] & [[Andrew C. van Hasselt]]
  | author = [[Ann D. King]], [[David K. W. Yeung]], [[Anil T. Ahuja]], [[S. F. Leung]], [[Gary M. K. Tse]] & [[Andrew C. van Hasselt]]
  | title = In vivo proton MR spectroscopy of primary and nodal nasopharyngeal carcinoma
  | title = In vivo proton MR spectroscopy of primary and nodal nasopharyngeal carcinoma
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** Diffusion-weighted imaging for:
** Diffusion-weighted imaging for:


*** differentiating NPC from lymphoma  
*** Differentiating NPC from [[lymphoma]]
*** characterizing of cervical lymphadenopathy
*** Characterizing of [[cervical]] [[lymphadenopathy]]
** MRI spectroscopy for:
** [[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]] [[spectroscopy]] for:
*** Differentiating of the NPC and metastatic nodes from normal neck muscle.
*** Differentiating of the NPC and [[metastatic]] nodes from normal [[neck]] [[muscle]].


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 13:28, 8 March 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Homa Najafi, M.D.[2]Faizan Sheraz, M.D. [3]

Overview

Head and neck MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

MRI

MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of Nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

  • Findings on MRI scan suggestive of nasopharyngeal carcinoma include:[1]
MRI Component Features
T1
T1 C+ (Gd)
  • Fat saturation in post contrast sequences
  • Notable heterogeneous enhancement is typical
  • Perineural extension should be sought
T2
  • Isointense to hyperintense to muscle signal
  • Fat saturation
  • Fluid in the middle ear can be helpful
    • Diffusion-weighted imaging for:

References

  1. ↑ Hermans, R (2012). Head and neck cancer imaging. Berlin New York: Springer. ISBN 9783642178689.
  2. ↑ Glastonbury, Christine M. (2007). "Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma". Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 18 (4): 225–235. doi:10.1097/RMR.0b013e3181572b3a. ISSN 0899-3459.
  3. ↑ Dubrulle, F.; Souillard, R.; Hermans, R. (2007). "Extension patterns of nasopharyngeal carcinoma". European Radiology. 17 (10): 2622–2630. doi:10.1007/s00330-007-0616-z. ISSN 0938-7994.
  4. ↑ Chin, Shy-Chyi; Fatterpekar, Girish; Chen, Cheng-Yu; Som, Peter M. (2003). "MR Imaging of Diverse Manifestations of Nasopharyngeal Carcinomas". American Journal of Roentgenology. 180 (6): 1715–1722. doi:10.2214/ajr.180.6.1801715. ISSN 0361-803X.
  5. ↑ Alfred L. Weber, Sharif al-Arayedh & Asma Rashid (2003). "Nasopharynx: clinical, pathologic, and radiologic assessment". Neuroimaging clinics of North America. 13 (3): 465–483. PMID 14631685. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  6. ↑ Julian Goh & Keith Lim (2009). "Imaging of nasopharyngeal carcinoma". Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore. 38 (9): 809–816. PMID 19816641. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  7. ↑ Ng, Shu-Hang; Chan, Sheng-Chieh; Yen, Tzu-Chen; Chang, Joseph Tung-Chieh; Liao, Chun-Ta; Ko, Sheung-Fat; Wang, Hung-Ming; Wai, Yau-Yau; Wang, Jiun-Jie; Chen, Min-Chi (2009). "Pretreatment evaluation of distant-site status in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: accuracy of whole-body MRI at 3-Tesla and FDG-PET-CT". European Radiology. 19 (12): 2965–2976. doi:10.1007/s00330-009-1504-5. ISSN 0938-7994.
  8. ↑ Fong, Devin; Bhatia, Kunwar S.S.; Yeung, David; King, Ann D. (2010). "Diagnostic accuracy of diffusion-weighted MR imaging for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, head and neck lymphoma and squamous cell carcinoma at the primary site". Oral Oncology. 46 (8): 603–606. doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2010.05.004. ISSN 1368-8375.
  9. ↑ Ann D. King, David K. W. Yeung, Anil T. Ahuja, S. F. Leung, Gary M. K. Tse & Andrew C. van Hasselt (2004). "In vivo proton MR spectroscopy of primary and nodal nasopharyngeal carcinoma". AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology. 25 (3): 484–490. PMID 15037477. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

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