Duchenne muscular dystrophy MRI

Duchenne muscular dystrophy Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Fahimeh Shojaei, M.D.

Overview

There are no MRI findings associated with [disease name].

OR

[Location] MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on MRI suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

There are no MRI findings associated with [disease name]. However, a MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].

MRI

Lower limb MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Findings on MRI suggestive of Duchenne muscular dystrophy include:

• High T1-weighted signal in affected muscles such as:
  • Gastrocnemii muscles
  • Gluteus maximus
  • Gluteus medius
  • Adductor magnus muscles
  • Psoas
  • Iliacus
  • Quadriceps
  • Rectus femoris
  • Biceps femoris
  • Peroneus longus
  • Soleus muscles

MRI rating scale

Subtypes	Explanation
Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy (AMAN)	The most common type (85-90%). Prior infection can trigger it. Autoimmune disorder. The target is schwann cell surface membrane or the myelin. Causes demyelination. In electrodiagnostic tests we can see slowing of nerve conduction. In pathology we can see lymphocytic infiltration of peripheral nerves and macrophage invasion of myelin sheath and schwann cells.
Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy (AMAN)	It’s common among Chinese and Japanese people. It can be triggered by C. jejuni. It is associated with antiganglioside antibodies. Autoimmune disorder. Target is axonal membrane. Causes axonal degeneration in motor neurons. In electrodiagnostic study we can see reduction of compound muscle action potential.
Acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy	The incidence rate is under 10%. Causes axonal degeneration. It is similar with AMAN but involves both motor and sensory axons.
Miller Fisher syndrome	Causes a clinical triad: ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and areflexia. Associated with ganglioside GQ1b antibody.